Predominance of M2-polarized macrophages in bladder cancer affects angiogenesis, tumor grade and invasiveness.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) often assume an immunoregulatory M2 phenotype. Thus, the aim of the present study was to clarify the correlation of vascularity and TAMs, in particular the M2 phenotype in the stroma and tumor areas, with the clinical and pathological outcomes of patients with bladder cancer. The TAM counts and microvessel counts (MVCs) were determined immunohistochemically in 21 patients with bladder cancer.

Chemical cystitis due to crystal violet dye: a case report.

Introduction: Crystal violet was commonly used for the treatment of oral and vaginal candidiasis or for sterilization during operations up to the 1960s. Because crystal violet is potentially toxic to mucosal membranes, it has been replaced with other disinfectants, and crystal violet is rarely used. We report a case of chemical cystitis due to intravesical instillation of crystal violet dye.

Torsion of a seminoma in an intrascrotal testis: A case report and review of the literature.

An intrascrotal testicular torsion with malignant testicular tumour is extremely rare. We report a case of a 26-year-old male who was diagnosed with testicular torsion by magnetic resonance imaging and with testicular seminoma after orchiectomy. Through this case, we found that if the possibility of testicular torsion remains during the diagnosis of acute scrotum cases, additional examination adding to colour Doppler sonography should be performed.

[Urethral condyloma acuminata in an elderly patient : a case report].

A 76-year-old man presented to our hospital with asymptomatic bleeding of the urethra. Endoscopic examination showed multiple urethral papillary tumors in the pendulous urethra, and the tumors were surgically resected. Histopathological examination indicated urethral condyloma acuminata, and the results of a polymerase chain reaction-based invader assay using urethral swabs taken after surgery suggested low risk human papilloma virus infection.

Loss of blood group A antigen expression in bladder cancer caused by allelic loss and/or methylation of the ABO gene.

Loss of ABO blood group antigen expression has been reported in transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder. Synthesis of the ABO blood group antigen was genetically determined by allelic variants of the ABO gene assigned on 9q34.1.

Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma: a clinicopathological, immuno- and lectin histochemical study of nine cases.

Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma (MCRCC) is an uncommon variant of renal neoplasm and its histogenesis is unclear. The aim of this study was to use immuno- and lectin histochemistry to delineate histochemical patterns which might indicate the histogenetic origin of MCRCC from a particular part or parts of the nephron. We present our experience with nine cases of MCRCC.

Hypermethylation of an E-cadherin (CDH1) promoter region in high grade transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder comprising carcinoma in situ.

Purpose: We elucidated the role of methylation in the promoter region of the 1 gene in bladder carcinogenesis, particularly in those comprising carcinoma in situ.

Materials And Methods: A total of 49 cases of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder obtained from transurethral resection were examined. Methylation status of the 1 promoter region was analyzed by methylation specific polymerase chain reaction from chemically modified DNA after Na-bisulfite treatment.