Capillary hemangioma arising from the lesser omentum in an adult: A case report.

Rationale: Although capillary hemangiomas, common lesions involving the proliferation of small capillary vessels and a single layer of endothelial cells, can arise in any organ, they are rarely reported in the greater or lesser omentum. Here in, we report a case of capillary hemangioma arising from the lesser omentum in an adult with interesting diagnostic imaging findings, including changes in tumor size over time on computed tomography (CT), that was resected using laparoscopic surgery. To our knowledge, this is the first English report to describe a capillary hemangioma arising from the lesser omentum.

Diagnosis of incarcerated intramesosigmoid hernia aided by multiplanar reconstruction images of multidetector computed tomography: a case report.

Background: Internal hernia is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction, and sigmoid mesocolon hernia is an extremely rare form of this condition. Among sigmoid mesocolon hernias, intramesosigmoid hernia is the least frequent subtype. We described a case of intramesosigmoid hernia through the orifice on the right leaf of the mesosigmoid with an incarcerated ileum of 6 cm in length without strangulation.

Winged scapula in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1.

We report two patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) showing winged scapula in a single family. Genomic analysis revealed a marked expansion of CTG repeats in the 3' untranslated region; 1100 in patient 1 and 667 in patient 2. Muscle MRI revealed marked atrophy in the serratus anterior muscle in both patients.

Pathophysiologic evaluation of MELAS strokes by serially quantified MRS and CASL perfusion images.

Purpose: To clarify the roles of serial MR spectroscopy (MRS) and continuous arterial spin labeling (CASL) perfusion images for evaluating cerebral lesions in patients with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS).

Materials And Methods: Two cases of MELAS followed up serially using MRS and CASL images in addition to routine MR imaging were enrolled.

Results: Newly appeared lesions assessed by MRS revealed increased lactate doublets which correlated well with CSF lactate level, and these showed a decreasing trend after treatment, although conventional T2 weighted images revealed hyper-intensity in both phases.

Tissue characterization of glioma by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging: glioma grading and histological correlation.

Background And Purpose: Our intent was to clarify the usefulness of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (PW-MRI) in the grading of glioma.

Methods: Twenty-three consecutive patients with gliomas were investigated by both proton MRS and PW-MRI. For quantitative analysis, the metabolite data of the gliomas were estimated using the LCModel software.

Apparent diffusion coefficient in pancreatic cancer: characterization and histopathological correlations.

Purpose: To clarify the components primarily responsible for diffusion abnormalities in pancreatic cancerous tissue.

Materials And Methods: Subjects comprised 10 patients with surgically confirmed pancreatic cancer. Diffusion-weighted (DW) echo-planar imaging (b value = 0, 500 s/mm(2)) was employed to calculate the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC).

18F-FDG PET of common enhancing malignant brain tumors.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to determine whether (18)F-FDG PET can be used to differentiate among common enhancing brain tumors such as lymphoma, high-grade glioma, and metastatic brain tumor.

Materials And Methods: We evaluated 34 patients with an enhancing brain tumor on MRI, including seven lymphomas, nine high-grade gliomas, and 18 metastatic tumors. All patients also underwent FDG PET.

Rare causes of hematuria associated with various vascular diseases involving the upper urinary tract.

Hematuria is a commonly encountered symptom of a wide spectrum of diseases, including calculi, tumors, and vascular abnormalities. In rare cases, hematuria is caused by life-threatening vascular diseases. When hematuria is encountered, physicians sometimes fail to include vascular diseases in the differential diagnosis because of their rare association with hematuria.

Rate of liver volume increase: can it predict recipient prognosis after left lobe transplantation from living related donors?

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether liver volume increase can predict recipient outcome.

Materials And Methods: Size-matched left lobe transplantation was performed for 16 patients. Computed tomography was performed in Week 1 after transplantation.

Changes in T1 and T2 observed in brain magnetic resonance imaging with delivery of high concentrations of oxygen.

Objective: The aim of this study was to clarify the relative contributions of the amount of oxygen in the blood, and vasoconstriction/dilation responsible for changes in T1 and T2 observed in brain during hyperoxia.

Methods: T1 and T2 values of the cerebral cortex and pituitary gland in mice were determined in room air. After room air was changed to either 100% oxygen (n = 8) or carbogen (n = 8), T1 and T2 values were again determined.

Assessment of the vascularity of uterine leiomyomas using double-echo dynamic perfusion-weighted MRI with the first-pass pharmacokinetic model: correlation with histopathology.

Objectives: To retrospectively evaluate the feasibility of perfusion-weighted MRI (PWI) in uterine leiomyomas.

Materials And Methods: : Eighteen uterine leiomyomas in 15 patients were evaluated. PWI was performed using a double-echo T2*-weighted spoiled gradient-recalled acquisition sequence, and the first-pass pharmacokinetic model was applied to calculate relative blood volume (rBV).

Correction of inhomogeneous RF field using multiple SPGR signals for high-field spin-echo MRI.

Purpose: To propose a simple and useful method for correcting nonuniformity of high-field (3 Tesla) T(1)-weighted spin-echo (SE) images based on a B1 field map estimated from gradient recalled echo (GRE) signals.

Methods: To estimate B1 inhomogeneity, spoiled gradient recalled echo (SPGR) images were collected using a fixed repetition time of 70 ms, flip angles of 45 and 90 degrees, and echo times of 4.8 and 10.

Difficulties in the diagnosis of appendicitis: review of CT and US images.

To determine the reasons for missing a distended appendix, we discuss cases of acute appendicitis in which either or both computed tomography (CT) and/or ultrasonography (US) initially failed to detect distended appendix. In some cases, distended appendices that were undetected on US were easily detected by CT, and vice versa. Failure to detect a distended appendix does not always eliminate the possibility of acute appendicitis.

Utility of multi-detector CT for pre-operative diagnosis of internal hernia through a defect in the broad ligament (2007: 1b).

Internal hernia through a defect in the broad ligament is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction, and pre-operative diagnosis is generally difficult. Here, we report our experience in which multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT), which allows direct recognition of incarcerated small bowel, was useful in the pre-operative diagnosis of this hernia.

Imaging by multiple modalities of patients with a carotidynia syndrome.

The purpose of this article is to familiarize readers with the clinical syndrome of carotidynia. In the past, the International Headache Society (IHS) described idiopathic carotidynia as a diagnostic entity consisting of a self-limiting neck pain syndrome and tenderness over the carotid bifurcation without structural abnormality and then recently removed it from its classification. Although the clinical criteria of carotidynia in the former classification of the IHS included the absence of structural abnormality, several publications have demonstrated associated radiological findings and have described the usefulness of radiological investigations in diagnosing this syndrome.

Double-echo perfusion-weighted MR imaging: basic concepts and application in brain tumors for the assessment of tumor blood volume and vascular permeability.

Perfusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging using contrast agents plays a key role in characterizing tumors of the brain. We have shown that double-echo perfusion-weighted MR imaging (DEPWI) is potentially useful in assessing brain tumors. Quantitative indices, such as tumor blood volume, are obtained using DEPWI, which allows correction of underestimation of tumor blood volume due to leakage of contrast agents from tumor vessels, in addition to simultaneous acquisition of tumor vessel permeability.

Solitary plasmacytoma of the sacrum. Radiologic findings of three cases.

We report the radiologic findings from three cases of solitary plasmacytoma (SP) of the sacrum. Common findings included lytic changes on computed tomography (CT) and relatively low signal intensity on T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images, with intense enhancement after contrast administration. All cases showed infiltrating and slightly expansive growth, but the sacral structure was generally maintained.

Specific high-resolution computed tomography findings associated with sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate whether high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) could predict the results of a sputum smear in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis.

Methods: Forty-eight patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis were divided into 2 groups: sputum smear-positive (n = 25) and -negative (n = 23). The HRCT findings were retrospectively reviewed, focusing on the presence or absence of features previously reported to indicate active pulmonary tuberculosis, including ground-glass opacity, cavitation, centrilobular opacity, and air space consolidation.

Yamanouchi magnetic compression anastomosis for bilioenteric anastomotic stricture after living-donor liver transplantation.

Yamanouchi magnetic compression anastomosis (YMCA) is a novel interventional method that creates an anastomosis between the bile duct and small intestine. The method uses two magnets to compress the stricture transmurally, causing gradual ischemic necrosis of the stricture. This ischemic necrosis creates an anastomosis between the two magnets.

Magnetization transfer micro-MR imaging of live excised lamprey spinal cord: characterization and immunohistochemical correlation.

Background And Purpose: Membrane constituents may play a key role in the magnetization transfer (MT) effect. In lamprey spinal cord, axonal diameters range from <1 microm in the dorsal region to 20-40 microm in the ventral region. There is a corresponding range of axonal, and hence cell membrane, density.

Dynamic MR imaging: value of differentiating subtypes of peripheral small adenocarcinoma of the lung.

Purpose: To determine the utility of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the differential subtyping of small adenocarcinomas of the lung.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-nine pathologically diagnosed peripheral adenocarcinomas (less than 20 mm in diameter) underwent dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Maximum relative enhancement ratio, slope of enhancement, and corrected start time of enhancement were calculated from signal intensity-time curve of pulmonary lesion for each subject, and were statistically compared among bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) group (7 cases), mixed BAC group (10 cases), and adenocarcinoma group (12 cases).

Single-shot half-Fourier RARE sequence with ultra-short inter-echo spacing for lung imaging.

Purpose: To improve the image quality of pulmonary magnetic resonance (MR) imaging using an ultra-short inter-echo spacing half-Fourier single shot rapid acquisition with relaxation enhancement (USHA-RARE) sequence.

Materials And Methods: Pulmonary MR images were acquired by USHA-RARE sequence with various inter-echo spacings. The sequence parameters were as follows: repetition time (TR)/effective TE: infinite/39-41 msec; section thickness: 10 mm; acquisition matrix: 128 x 128; field of view: 450 x 450 mm.