Incidence of spontaneous lymphomas in non-experimental NOD/Shi-scid, IL-2Rγ (NOG) mice.

Severely immunodeficient NOD/Shi-scid, IL-2Rγ (NOG) mice provide an in vivo model for human cell/tissue transplantation studies. NOG mice were established by combining interleukin-2 receptor-γ chain knockout mice and NOD/Shi-scid mice. They exhibit a high incidence of thymic lymphomas and immunoglobulin (Ig) leakiness.

An epidemiological study of the effects of statin use on airflow limitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background And Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is considered to be a systemic inflammatory disease, and systemic inflammation has been noted as a factor contributing to cardiovascular disease, which is one of the comorbidities associated with COPD. On the other hand, pleiotropic effects, such as the anti-inflammatory effects of statins, have attracted attention in recent years, and there have been a variety of reports regarding the usefulness of statins for patients with COPD.

Methods: We investigated whether the use or non-use of statins influenced the prevalence of airflow limitation.

Overestimation of stability limits leads to a high frequency of falls in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Objectives: To test a hypothesis that patients with Parkinson's disease may not notice discrepancies between their perceived and actual stability limits and cannot keep their centre of gravity within the stability region.

Settings: Outpatients with neurological disorders in rehabilitation service.

Subjects: Twenty-one patients with Parkinson's disease (11 men, 10 women; mean duration 5.

Stereoisomeric C5-C5'-Linked Dihydrothymine Dimers Produced by Radiolytic One-Electron Reduction of Thymine Derivatives in Anoxic Aqueous Solution: Structural Characteristics in Reference to Cyclobutane Photodimers.

Radiolytic one-electron reduction of 1-methylthymine () and 1,3-dimethylthymine () in anoxic aqueous solution afforded stereoisomeric C5-C5'-linked dihydrothymine dimers, fractionated into the meso forms of (5,5)- and (5,5')-bi-5,6-dihydrothymine (,[]) and a racemic mixture of (5,5)- and (5,5)-bi-5,6-dihydrothymines (,[]), along with 5,6-dihydrothymines (,). The meso and racemic dimers were produced in almost equivalent yields, possessing structural similarity with -cyclobutane pyrimidine photodimers that are identified as highly mutagenic and carcinogenic photolesions induced by UV light. Similar radiolytic one-electron reduction of thymidine () resulted in the pseudo-meso form of (5,5)- and (5,5)-bi-5,6-dihydrothymidine ([]) and two diastereormers of (5,5)- and (5,5)-bi-5,6-dihydrothymidine ([] and []).