The oral cavity is a potential reservoir of gram-negative antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, which are correlated with ageing and the number of teeth.

Objectives: The suppression of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) is an important issue worldwide. In recent years, the presence of various ARB in the oral cavity has been reported, but the details remain unclear. Therefore, we aimed to isolate ARB from the oral cavity and investigate the factors affecting ARB colonization.

Possible Involvement of X-Box Binding Protein-1 in the Onset of Pulpitis.

Objective: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays important roles not only in stress avoidance, but also in cell differentiation and maturation, cell proliferation, and promotion of bone formation. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of ER stress in the onset of pulpitis.

Methods: Immunohistochemical analysis was conducted on human teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons.

Increasing the Apical Sizes of Root Enlarged for Root Canal Obturation Influences the Outcome of Single-Root-Canal Teeth Affected by Apical Periodontitis.

Objective: To investigate the effect of increasing the apical size of roots enlarged for root canal obturation on the outcome of non-surgical endodontic treatment for teeth with apical periodontitis.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we included 210 cases of single-rooted canals treated at our dental units between October 2009 and January 2022. The clinical outcomes of teeth with enlarged root apical size from the International Organization for Standardization standard numbers 25 to 100 were investigated.

Antibiotic susceptibility and genome analysis of Enterococcus species isolated from inpatients in one hospital with no apparent outbreak of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus in Japan.

To prevent nosocomial infection, it is important to screen for potential vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) among patients. In this study, we analyzed enterococcal isolates from inpatients in one hospital without any apparent outbreak of VRE. Enterococcal isolates were collected from inpatients at Hiroshima University Hospital from April 1 to June 30, 2021 using selective medium for Enterococci.

Ursoricin, a bacteriocin of , has potent activity against methicillin-resistant and vancomycin-resistant enterococci.

Unlabelled: The emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, particularly methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), has increased the need to discover novel antimicrobial agents that are effective against these species. Here, we describe the identification and purification of the mutacin BHT-B-like gene locus and bacteriocin peptide from , which is closely related to ; hence, we named this bacteriocin ursoricin. Ursoricin is a cationic, chromosome-encoded peptide that has potent antimicrobial effects against Gram-positive pathogens, including MRSA and VRE, with minimum inhibitory concentrations in the micromolar range.

Opposing genetic polymorphisms of two ABC transporters contribute to the variation of nukacin resistance in .

Unlabelled: is a cariogenic bacterium that produces a variety of bacteriocins and retains resistance to these bacteriocins. In this study, we investigated the susceptibility of 127 . strains to nukacins produced by spp.

Public RNA-seq data-based identification and functional analyses reveal that MXRA5 retains proliferative and migratory abilities of dental pulp stem cells.

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) usually remain quiescent in the dental pulp tissue; however, once the dental pulp tissue is injured, DPSCs potently proliferate and migrate into the injury microenvironment and contribute to immuno-modulation and tissue repair. However, the key molecules that physiologically support the potent proliferation and migration of DPSCs have not been revealed. In this study, we searched publicly available transcriptome raw data sets, which contain comparable (i.

Relationship between CD4+ T-cell counts at baseline and initial periodontal treatment efficacy in patients undergoing treatment for HIV infection: A retrospective observational study.

Aim: To retrospectively investigate the relationship between the CD4+ T-cell counts at baseline and the efficacy of the initial periodontal treatment of patients undergoing treatment for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection using the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA).

Materials And Methods: Thirty-three patients with chronic periodontitis who had undergone periodontal examination at baseline and after the initial periodontal treatment were enrolled. PISA was calculated from the periodontal probing depth and bleeding on probing, and the ratio of PISA after treatment to that at baseline (PISA response ratio) was calculated.

Rare root canal morphology of maxillary second molars: A report of three cases.

Key Clinical Message: Endodontists should be aware that some maxillary second molars can have more than three roots. If any unusual anatomical features are detected during dental radiography or endodontic procedures, it is necessary to conduct cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanning to prevent procedural mishaps.

Abstract: CBCT can provide three-dimensional reconstructed images of the root canal system.

Extracellular Release of Citrullinated Vimentin Directly Acts on Osteoclasts to Promote Bone Resorption in a Mouse Model of Periodontitis.

Elevated osteoclast (OC)-mediated bone resorption, a common pathological feature between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), implicates a possible mutually shared pathogenesis. The autoantibody to citrullinated vimentin (CV), a representative biomarker of RA, is reported to promote osteoclastogenesis (OC-genesis). However, its effect on OC-genesis in the context of periodontitis remains to be elucidated.

In Situ Raman Analysis of Biofilm Exopolysaccharides Formed in and Commensal Cultures.

This study probed in vitro the mechanisms of competition/coexistence between (known for being correlated with health in the oral cavity) and (responsible for aciduric oral environment and formation of caries) by means of quantitative Raman spectroscopy and imaging. In situ Raman assessments of live bacterial culture/coculture focusing on biofilm exopolysaccharides supported the hypothesis that both species engaged in antagonistic interactions. Experiments of simultaneous colonization always resulted in coexistence, but they also revealed fundamental alterations of the biofilm with respect to their water-insoluble glucan structure.

Retrospective study on the therapeutic efficacy of zinc acetate hydrate administration to patients with hypozincemia-induced dysgeusia.

Background: Dysgeusia is a relatively early symptom of zinc deficiency, and zinc replacement is effective in treating dysgeusia. The administration of zinc acetate hydrate (ZAH) was approved in 2017 for patients with hypozincemia in Japan. This retrospective study was conducted to explore the efficacy and safety of ZAH administration in patients with hypozincemia-induced dysgeusia.

Successful regenerative response of a severe bone defect in a right lower central incisor affected by a cemental tear.

Cone-beam computed tomography and clinical examinations including pulp vital testing and pocket probing depth showed a cemental tear with a severe labial alveolar bony defect, but no endodontic lesions, in #25, which had a sinus tract at the labial site, in a 75-year-old woman.

Periapical lesion following Cnm-positive Streptococcus mutans pulp infection worsens cerebral hemorrhage onset in an SHRSP rat model.

Cerebral hemorrhage severely affects the daily life of affected individuals. Streptococcus mutans and its adhesion factor Cnm increase the adverse effects of cerebral hemorrhages. However, the mechanism by which Cnm-positive bacteria migrate from apical lesions to cerebral hemorrhage sites is unclear.

Oxidative stress impairs the calcification ability of human dental pulp cells.

Background: The relationship between internal root resorption and oxidative stress has not yet been reported. This study aimed to add molecular insight into internal root resorption. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of hydrogen peroxide (HO) as an inducer of oxidative stress on the calcification ability of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) and the involvement of inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate (IP3).

Oxytocin suppresses CXCL10 production in TNF-α-stimulated human dental pulp stem cells.

Oxytocin (OX) is a posterior pituitary hormone secreted into the blood from axon terminals projecting from the posterior pituitary. Recent reports indicate OX plays an important role in the progression of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Pulpitis is caused by the activation of the biological defense mechanism of the dental pulp against cariogenic bacteria.

Impact of Maximum Tongue Pressure in Patients with Jaw Deformities Who Underwent Orthognathic Surgery.

Malocclusion and morphological abnormalities of the jawbone often affect the stomatognathic function and long-term postoperative stability in patients with jaw deformities. There are few reports on the effect of maximum tongue pressure (MTP) in these patients. We investigated the relationship between the MTP and jawbone morphology and the effect of the MTP on surgery in 42 patients with jaw deformity who underwent surgical orthodontic treatment at Hiroshima University Hospital.

Endodontic Approach and Periodontal Regenerative Therapy for a Mandibular Right Central Incisor Affected by a Perforation and Cemental Tear.

A cemental tear involves complete or incomplete separation of the cementum on the root surface along the cementodentinal junction. Because a cemental tear can lead to periodontal breakdown and mimic endodontic and periodontal lesions, diagnosing clinical cases can be difficult and requires special examinations. A 72-year-old woman presented with a localized periodontal defect on the labial and interproximal surfaces of the mandibular right central incisor.

PPARγ-Induced Global H3K27 Acetylation Maintains Osteo/Cementogenic Abilities of Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts.

The periodontal ligament is a soft connective tissue embedded between the alveolar bone and cementum, the surface hard tissue of teeth. Periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) actively express osteo/cementogenic genes, which contribute to periodontal tissue homeostasis. However, the key factors maintaining the osteo/cementogenic abilities of PDLF remain unclear.

Involvement of Rac1 in macrophage activation by brain-derived neurotrophic factor.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) enhances periodontal tissue regeneration. Tissue regeneration is characterized by inflammation, which directs the quality of tissue repair. This study aimed to investigate the effect of BDNF on the phagocytic activity of RAW264.

DMP-1 promoter-associated antisense strand non-coding RNA, panRNA-DMP-1, physically associates with EGFR to repress EGF-induced squamous cell carcinoma migration.

Accumulating evidence suggests that specific non-coding RNAs exist in many types of malignant tissues, and are involved in cancer invasion and metastasis. However, little is known about the precise roles of non-coding RNAs in squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) invasion and migration. Recently, the dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1) gene locus was identified as a transcriptionally active site in squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) tissue and cells.

Surgical Sealing of Laterally Localized Accessory Root Canal with Resin Containing S-PRG Filler in Combination with Non-Surgical Endodontic Treatment: A Case Report.

The spread of root canal infection to surrounding periodontal tissue through accessory root canals reduces the success rate of endodontic treatment. In this case, cone-beam computed tomography revealed a lesion (4 mm from the apex) resulting from an accessory root canal of the maxillary left central incisor. First, non-surgical endodontic treatment was conducted but the sinus tract remained.

Semaphorin3A released from human dental pulp cells inhibits the increase in interleukin-6 and CXC chemokine ligand 10 production induced by tumor necrosis factor-α through suppression of nuclear factor-κB activation.

Human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) play an important role in pulpitis. Semaphorin3A (Sema3A), which is an axon guidance molecule, is a member of the secretory semaphorin family. Recently, Sema3A has been reported to be an osteoprotective factor and to be involved in the immune response.

A mandibular second molar with a middle mesial root canal.

The present case report describes the clinical detection and root canal management of a rare middle mesial canal of a Japanese mandibular second molar by troughing preparation using an operating microscope and cone-beam computed tomography.

Aggressive periodontitis and NOD2 variants.

Aggressive periodontitis (AgP) occurs at an early age and causes rapid periodontal tissue destruction. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) encodes a protein with two caspase recruitment domains and eleven leucine-rich repeats. This protein is expressed mainly in peripheral blood leukocytes and is involved in immune response.