Great Abundance of Satellite DNA in Proceratophrys (Anura, Odontophrynidae) Revealed by Genome Sequencing.

Most eukaryotic genomes contain substantial portions of repetitive DNA sequences. These are located primarily in highly compacted heterochromatin and, in many cases, are one of the most abundant components of the sex chromosomes. In this sense, the anuran Proceratophrys boiei represents an interesting model for analyses on repetitive sequences by means of cytogenetic techniques, since it has a karyotype with large blocks of heterochromatin and a ZZ/ZW sex chromosome system.

Comparative analysis based on replication banding reveals the mechanism responsible for the difference in the karyotype constitution of treefrogs and (Arboranae, Hylidae, Scinaxinae).

According to the recent taxonomic and phylogenetic revision of the family Hylidae, species of the former (Boulenger, 1888) clade were included in the resurrected genus Fitzinger, 1843, while species of the (Laurenti, 1768) clade were mostly included in the genus Wagler, 1830, and two were allocated to the newly created genus Duellman et al., 2016. Although all the species of the former genus shared a diploid number of 2n = 24 and the same fundamental number of chromosome arms of FN = 48, two karyotypic constitutions were unequivocally recognized, related mainly to the distinct size and morphology of the first two chromosome pairs.

Cytogenetic analyses of eight species in the genus Leptodactylus Fitzinger, 1843 (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae), including a new diploid number and a karyotype with multiple translocations.

Background: The karyotypes of Leptodactylus species usually consist of 22 bi-armed chromosomes, but morphological variations in some chromosomes and even differences in the 2n have been reported. To better understand the mechanisms responsible for these differences, eight species were analysed using classical and molecular cytogenetic techniques, including replication banding with BrdU incorporation.

Results: Distinct chromosome numbers were found: 2n = 22 in Leptodactylus chaquensis, L.

Comparative karyotype analysis and chromosome evolution in the genus Aplastodiscus (Cophomantini, Hylinae, Hylidae).

Background: The frogs of the Tribe Cophomantini present, in general, 2n = 24 karyotype, but data on Aplastodiscus showed variation in diploid number from 2n = 24 to 2n = 18. Five species were karyotyped, one of them for the first time, using conventional and molecular cytogenetic techniques, with the aim to perform a comprehensive comparative analysis towards the understanding of chromosome evolution in light of the phylogeny.

Results: Aplastodiscus perviridis showed 2n = 24, A.