Newly-established in vitro inner BRB spheroids to elucidate retinal Ang2-linked substance transfer.

Conjugation of angiopep-2 (Ang2) with drugs/compounds is known to increase plasma membrane permeability across endothelial barriers. The inner blood-retinal barrier (BRB) regulates retinal drug distribution and is formed by retinal capillary endothelial cells, supported by Müller cells and retinal pericytes. To elucidate the potential of Ang2 conjugation in promoting retinal drug distribution after peripheral administration across the inner BRB, an in vivo administration study and in vitro transport experiments using newly developed multicellular inner BRB spheroids were performed.

Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) Isoform Expression after Peripheral Nerve Transection in Mice.

Localization of the nitric oxide (NO)-producing enzyme, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and its functions are currently being investigated in several tissues and organs. It has been suggested that NO is involved in nerve cell death and the development of neurodegenerative disease. The purpose of this study was to immunohistochemically investigate expression of NOS to clarify its function in the degeneration and regeneration of transected mouse sciatic nerve.

Anatomical study of phrenic nerve course in relation to neck dissection.

The present study sought to clarify the course of the phrenic nerve and its correlation with anatomical landmarks in the neck region. We examined 17 cadavers (30 sides). In each, the phrenic nerves was dissected from the lateral side of the neck, and its position within the triangle formed by the mastoid process and sternal and acromial ends of the clavicle was determined.