Carotid Artery Stenting for Carotid Arterial Fibromuscular Dysplasia Evaluated Vascular Wall Structure Using Optical Coherence Tomography: A Case Report.

Objective: Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is often diagnosed based on angiography. However, it is difficult to distinguish from vasculitis by angiography. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the detailed intravascular findings of lesions in FMD using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Stenotic changes of the posterior cerebral artery are a major contributing factor for cerebral infarction in moyamoya disease.

Background: Some patients with moyamoya disease (MMD) show broad infarction with moderate internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis, whereas others with complete ICA occlusion show no infarction. This suggests that other factors contribute to the occurrence of infarction. Contributing factors predictive of cerebral infarcts must be identified for the prevention of infarction and the consequent neurological deficits.

Long-term Prognosis after Extracranial-intracranial Bypass Surgery for Symptomatic Cerebrovascular Occlusive Disease.

Prognosis after extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery has only been studied for a few years and the benefits of this procedure are still controversial. In this single-center retrospective study, we examined the long-term prognosis of patients who underwent EC-IC bypass surgery. Subjects were patients with symptomatic internal carotid artery or intracranial lesion occlusive disease who underwent EC-IC bypass surgery between 1991 and 2003.

Expression of CXCL12 on pseudopalisading cells and proliferating microvessels in glioblastomas: an accelerated growth factor in glioblastomas.

CXCL12, an alpha-chemokine that binds to G-protein-coupled CXCR4, plays an important and unique role in the regulation of stem/progenitor cell trafficking. To elucidate the correlation between the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis and glioblastomas (GBs), the present study assessed CXCR4/CXCL12 expression in 44 astrocytic tumor tissues using immunohistochemical analyses. Several cell lines of brain tumors were also analyzed by RT-PCR analyses.

Downregulation of RCAS1 and upregulation of cytotoxic T cells affects synovial proliferation and apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: The main histological change in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the villous proliferation of synovial lining cells. This seems to be the result of the proliferation and apoptosis induced by immune balance. We studied the involvement of RCAS1 and the infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), and examined the synovium immunohistochemically to determine the involvement of proliferation and apoptosis in synovial lining cells, and their relationship with the activity of RATreg cells in the germinal center.

Usefulness of flow cytometry for differential diagnosis of precursor and peripheral T-cell and NK-cell lymphomas: analysis of 490 cases.

Although various CD markers have been analyzed in T-cell and natural killer (NK)-cell lymphomas, the sensitivity and specificity of these phenotypic features have not been satisfactorily characterized. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to determine the phenotypic pattern of 490 T/NK-cell lymphomas with the aid of a set of surface antigens (CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7, CD8, CD10, CD11c, CD16, CD19, CD20, CD25, CD30, CD34, and CD56). In data obtained from 319 patients, CD10 expression was detected in 57% of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas, CD30 in 93% of anaplastic large cell lymphomas, CD34 in 50% of lymphoblastic lymphomas, and CD56 in 100% of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphomas nasal type.

Upregulation of CC chemokine ligand 18 and downregulation of CX3C chemokine receptor 1 expression in human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-associated lymph node lesions: Results of chemokine and chemokine receptor DNA chip analysis.

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a human malignancy associated with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). The pathological features of the lymph nodes of ATLL change from those of lymphadenitis to Hodgkin's-like features and those of lymphoma. Chemokines and their receptors are closely associated with T-cell subgroups and immune responses.

Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in primary central nervous system lymphomas.

Cyclooxygenase (COX) is the rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the initial step in biosynthesis of prostaglandins (PGs) from arachidonic acid. COX-2 has been associated with inflammatory processes and tumorigenesis. In order to investigate the correlation between VEGF, COX-2 expression, and tumorigenesis in primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs), the present study assessed 26 cases of PCNSL by immunostaining for VEGF and COX-2.

CD10-MUM1+ follicular lymphoma lacks BCL2 gene translocation and shows characteristic biologic and clinical features.

CD10 and MUM1 are representative B cell differentiation markers. Follicular lymphoma (FL) is usually positive for CD10 and negative for MUM1. In this study, however, we compared 22 FLs with peculiar phenotype CD10-MUM1+ with 119 typical CD10+MUM1- FLs.