Objective Methods of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Based Endoscopic Photodynamic Diagnosis Using Artificial Intelligence for Identification of Gastric Tumors.

Positive diagnoses of gastric tumors from photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) images after the administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid are subjectively identified by expert endoscopists. Objective methods of tumor identification are needed to reduce potential misidentifications. We developed two methods to identify gastric tumors from PDD images.

Oligopeptide Transporter-1 is Associated with Fluorescence Intensity of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Based Photodynamic Diagnosis in Pancreatic Cancer Cells.

Background: The 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-based photodynamic diagnosis is based on the accumulation of photosensitizing protoporphyrin IX in the tumor after ALA administration. However, the mechanisms connecting exogenous ALA and tumor fluorescence in pancreatic cancer remain unclear. We aimed to elucidate the mechanism underlying the ALA-induced fluorescent.

Verteporfin-photodynamic therapy is effective on gastric cancer cells.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) induces photochemical reactions, resulting in the destruction of tumor cells via singlet (S1) oxygen production. This cellular destruction occurs specifically in tumor cells, following selective accumulation of a photosensitizer and its excitation by a specific wavelength. Verteporfin (VP) is a second-generation photosensitizer that is currently being used worldwide in PDT to treat age-related macular degeneration.

Next-generation laser-based photodynamic endoscopic diagnosis using 5-aminolevulinic acid for early gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric adenoma.

Background: Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) is an optical imaging technology based on the fundamental biological features of porphyrin metabolized in cancer cells. We reported the usefulness of laser-based photodynamic endoscopic diagnosis (LPDED) with 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) for early gastric cancers. However, the first-generation prototype endoscope system had the flaw that the images captured were rather dark.

Objective tumor distinction in 5-aminolevulinic acid-based endoscopic photodynamic diagnosis, using a spectrometer with a liquid crystal tunable filter.

Background: Recent improvement of the endoscopic system such as image enhancement has led to the better accuracy of the diagnosis of the gastric cancer. However, the objective and efficient detection method of the gastric cancer is still needed because the detection efficiency could sometimes be low due to the fact that the image enhancement diagnosis needs magnification for its full utilization. The photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) with oral intake of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has been widely used for the detection of the cancerous region for bladder cancer and glioblastoma.

Pain Evaluation During Colonoscopy by the Erythema Index of the Facial Image.

Background: Endoscopy of the digestive tract is useful but is associated with significant pain to the patient. Its safety and tolerability could be improved by an immediate and objective method to evaluate the pain level and give feedback to the examiner. However, under the current circumstances, it is difficult to measure and assess the pain level objectively.

Low-density lipoprotein receptor expression is involved in the beneficial effect of photodynamic therapy using talaporfin sodium on gastric cancer cells.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic method used to destroy tumor tissue via reactive oxygen. Notably, reactive oxygen is induced by a combination of photosensitizers, including talaporfin sodium (TS) and laser light. Gastric cancer cell lines, MKN45 and MKN74, were used to evaluate the effect of TS-PDT .