Evaluation of topotecan monotherapy for relapsed small-cell lung cancer after amrubicin monotherapy failure.

The utility of topotecan monotherapy for relapsed small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) after failure of amrubicin monotherapy has not been evaluated. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of topotecan monotherapy in patients with relapsed SCLC after amrubicin monotherapy. We retrospectively analyzed data from 16 patients with relapsed SCLC who were treated with topotecan monotherapy after amrubicin monotherapy at our hospital.

Treatment of Cryptococcus gattii Infection Using Voriconazole.

We previously reported a 39-year-old man who presented with pulmonary and cerebral Cryptococcus gattii (genotype VGIIa) infection and was successfully treated with liposomal amphotericin B and flucytosine induction therapy. Following induction therapy, oral fluconazole treatment was initiated as consolidation therapy. However, the patient complained of progressively worsening headache, presenting an elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cell count.

Nab-paclitaxel Monotherapy for Relapsed Small Cell Lung Cancer: Retrospective Analysis and Review.

Background/aim: The utility of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-PTX) monotherapy in patients with relapsed small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) has not been fully evaluated. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of nab-PTX monotherapy in relapsed SCLC patients, including heavily treated patients.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analysed data from 17 patients with relapsed SCLC who were treated with weekly nab-PTX monotherapy at our hospital.

Immunonutritional status and pulmonary cavitation in patients with tuberculosis: A revisit with an assessment of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio.

Background: Several reports have described the importance of immunological and nutritional factors in the morbidity and/or mortality of patients with tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between pulmonary cavitation and immunonutritional status, assessed by parameters such as neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI), in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 137 patients with culture-positive active pulmonary tuberculosis without bacterial pneumonia diagnosed at Kainan Hospital between April 2008 and March 2016.

[Osimertinib for an Elderly Patient with Adenocarcinoma of the Lung Harboring EGFR T790M Mutation Diagnosed Using a Pleural Fluid Cell Block].

A 90-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of dyspnea with pleural effusion that was detected using a chest X-ray. Pleural fluid cell block specimens from the left pleural effusion were shown to be an adenocarcinoma harboring an epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)gene mutation(L858R). Erlotinib was administered and the patient responded to treatment for 15 months.

A case of wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis associated with organizing pneumonia.

An 81-year-old man was referred to our hospital with bilateral multiple patchy opacities on chest radiography. His chief complaints were a few months' history of intermittent mild cough and slightly yellow sputum. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed non-segmental air-space consolidations with ground-glass opacities.

Pneumocystis Pneumonia Secondary to Idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia: A Comparison of AIDS and Non-AIDS Patients.

A 67-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of dry cough. Chest computed tomography showed diffuse infiltrates and ground-glass opacities in the bilateral lung fields. Transbronchial lung biopsy specimens showed alveoli filled with yeast-like fungi.

Immunological Status May Predict Response to Nivolumab in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer without Driver Mutations.

Background/aim: It remains challenging to select patients with non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC) for nivolumab monotherapy. We evaluated whether early termination of nivolumab monotherapy correlated with pretreatment neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI).

Patients And Methods: Twenty patients received nivolumab monotherapy for NSCLC with wild-type epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) during 2016.

[CLINICAL INVESTIGATION OF TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS IN A GENERAL HOSPITAL LACKING A TUBERCULOSIS WARD IN WESTERN AICHI PREFECTURE.].

With the recent decrease in the number of tuberculosis wards and increase in elderly tuber- culosis patients with comorbidities, the role of regional refer- ral hospitals has become more important in tuberculosis management. [Objective]. This study aimed to assess the current state of tuberculosis management and related issues in a general hospital lacking a tuberculosis ward.

CYFRA 21-1 as a Predictive Marker for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Pemetrexed-based Chemotherapy.

Background: Pretreatment serum tumor marker levels predict outcome in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, little is known about the clinical value of such measurements for patients treated with pemetrexed plus a platinum-derivative.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively screened 100 chemotherapy-naïve patients with advanced non-squamous NSCLC treated with pemetrexed plus a platinum-derivative in relation to the pretreatment level of cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA 21-1) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA).

Diagnostic delay of pulmonary tuberculosis in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with aspiration pneumonia: Two case reports and a mini-review from Japan.

Diagnosing active tuberculosis in elderly patients presents problems due to nonspecific symptoms and complications such as aspiration pneumonia. The current study presents two cases of pulmonary tuberculosis with bilateral pulmonary infiltrates associated with aspiration pneumonia. The two elderly patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome as a result of aspiration pneumonia.

[DISSEMINATED MYCOBACTERIUM INTRACELLULARE INFECTION IN A PATIENT WITH MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME].

A 71-year-old man with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) was admitted to our hospital because of recurrent high-grade fever. He was examined for bacterial and fungal infections and treated with antibiotics and antifungal agents. However, he did not achieve a definitive diagnosis and had no apparent improvement for more than a month.

Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors for non-small-cell lung cancer patients aged 80 years or older: A retrospective analysis.

The efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) in elderly patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains uncertain. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of EGFR-TKIs for NSCLC patients aged ≥ 80 years. We analyzed data from 21 NSCLC patients aged ≥ 80 years who were administered gefitinib and/or erlotinib between January, 2009 and December, 2014.

[A case of multiple myeloma in a young adult, discovered on the basis of an abnormal finding on a chest X-ray film].

A 35-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of an abnormal finding on a chest X-ray film. Chest and abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a 25 × 5-mm tumor in the anterior right third rib as well as punched-out lesions in the vertebral bodies and iliac bones. Positron emission tomography (PET)/CT revealed accumulation in the right third rib and lumbar vertebral bodies.

[A case of delayed facial palsy following gamma knife radiosurgery for intractable trigeminal neuralgia].

A 77-year-old woman with hypertension and senile depression had suffered from medically unresponsive trigeminal (left ophthalmic) neuralgia despite microvascular decompression surgery for twice. The patient underwent stereotactic gamma knife radiosurgery (77 Gy) for the neuralgia, resulting in pain relief. However, approximately 20 months after the radiosurgery, she developed left facial palsy with hydrodipsia, left xerophthalmia, and left facial hypesthesia.