Fully stabilized 750-MHz Yb: fiber frequency comb: erratum.

A statement error was produced in the text introducing the previous literatures in [Opt. Express25, 11910 (2017)10.1364/OE.

Fully stabilized 750-MHz Yb: fiber frequency comb.

This study focuses on presenting a fully stabilized, self-referenced Yb:fiber frequency comb respectively phase locked to a microwave standard and an optical reference employing the highest, fundamental repetition rate of 750-MHz without additional external amplifiers and compressors. In addition, the challenge of phase locking the carrier envelop offset frequency for this high-repetition-rate fiber frequency comb is separately investigated in two schemes, namely, f-2f self-referencing and an approach of phase locking a beat note between the Yb: fiber frequency comb and a continuous wave laser.

Immunohistochemical and morphologic basis for glutamate signaling in the rat stomach.

Physiologic studies conducted in rats have demonstrated that afferent fibers of the gastric branch of the vagus nerve increase their firing rate with the intragastric administration of the amino acid glutamate, and the increased firing rate is blocked by the depletion of serotonin (5-HT), administration of the blocker for the serotonin type-3 receptor (SR3), or nitric oxide synthase (NOS). To understand glutamate signaling in the gastric mucosa at the cellular level, we have been studying rats as an animal model using anatomic and immunohistochemical procedures. Our results have indicated that 5-HT-immunoreactive (ir) cells are present in the superficial part of the gastric mucosal epithelium and in the base of the fundic glands, whereas immunoreactivity for SR3 is localized in the neck and its vicinity of the fundic glands.

Presence of antimitochondrial autoantibodies in patients with autoimmune hepatitis.

Background And Aim: Antimitochondrial autoantibodies (AMA) are known to be a hallmark of primary biliary cirrhosis, and it has been suggested that AMA play a crucial role in generating biliary changes. Biliary tract lesions are not uncommon in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and previous works have demonstrated that AMA are occasionally detectable in sera of patients with AIH. Therefore, the role of AMA as a cause of bile duct lesions in AIH livers should be addressed.

Gallbladder carcinoma with ultrasonographically intact outer hyperechoic layer: A sign of a favorable outcome.

Thirty-one of 40 patients with gallbladder carcinoma whom we treated from December 1983 through June 1999 underwent resection of cancers extending from the mucosa (m) (pTis-pT1a) to the subserosa (ss) (pT2). The patients were classified into five groups according to the layered-structure of the gallbladder wall and the internal echo of tumors visualized in ultrasound images. Group A included pedunculated polyps with round margins, homogeneous hypoechoic internal echoes, and intact outer hyperechoic layers; group B, broad-based lesions with homogeneous hypoechoic internal echoes and intact outer hyperechoic layers; group C, broad-based lesions with intact outer hyperechoic layers and more heterogeneous hypoechoic internal echoes in their centers than those in the marginal lesions; group D, broad-based lesions with irregularity and/or thinning of outer hyperechoic layers; and group E, tumors that could not be evaluated.