Association between Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome and Indicators of Reflecting Independent Living among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The purpose of this study was to examine whether motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is associated with various indicators of independent living among community-dwelling older adults in Japan. The study design was a cross-sectional study, and the participants were 107 community-dwelling older adults (mean age 79 ± 7 years) who were living independently. The participants were administered the Questionnaire for Medical Checkup of Old-Old (QMCOO) as an indicator of health status and the Japan Science and Technology Agency Index of Competence (JST-IC) as an indicator of higher levels of functioning capacity, among others.

Comparison of timing and force control of foot tapping between elderly and young subjects.

[Purpose] To examine the ability of young and elderly individuals to control the timing and force of periodic sequential foot tapping. [Subjects and Methods] Participants were 10 young (age, 22.1 ± 4.

Changes in the equilibrium of standing on one leg at various life stages.

The ability to maintain a one-leg standing position and the relation between plantar two-point discrimination and standing time on one leg were assessed. Participants were 1,241 apparently healthy people aged 2-92 years. Participants were asked to stand on one leg with eyes open (EO group) or closed (EC group) for up to 120 seconds.

Interaction interference between arm and leg: division of attention through muscle force regulation.

The first purpose of this study was to examine whether decreases in muscle force similar to the bilateral deficit occur during simultaneous use of arm and leg. The second purpose was to examine the effect on the muscle force of one leg by a division of attention through the regulation of the muscle force in the arm. Six participants completed each of the following three tasks in a random order: (1) maximal unilateral flexion of the right or left elbow, (2) maximal unilateral extension of the left knee, and (3) multilimb effort (a maximal contraction of the muscles in the leg while maintaining a constant submaximal isometric elbow flexion force at 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% MVC).

A new simple performance test focused on agility in elderly people: The Ten Step Test.

Background: Not only the reduction of muscle strength or balance, but also the reduction of the agility are regarded as important factors of falls in elderly people. If an agility test for elderly people is established, the precision of the fall prediction rises and can be used for individual training.

Objectives: To develop a new performance test focused on agility for elderly people and to evaluate the usefulness of this test.