3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) propionic acid contributes to improved hepatic lipid metabolism via GPR41.

3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) propionic acid (HMPA) is a metabolite produced by the gut microbiota through the conversion of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid (HMCA), which is a widely distributed hydroxycinnamic acid-derived metabolite found abundantly in plants. Several beneficial effects of HMPA have been suggested, such as antidiabetic properties, anticancer activities, and cognitive function improvement, in animal models and human studies. However, the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying the bioaccessibility and bioavailability profile following HMPA intake and the substantial modulation of metabolic homeostasis by HMPA require further elucidation.

Pharmacokinetic profiles of 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) propionic acid and its conjugates in Sprague-Dawley rats.

3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propionic acid (HMPA) is one of the end-products from gut microbiota from dietary polyphenols, which might contribute to their health benefits. This study aims to investigate the absorption, metabolism, and tissue accumulation of HMPA in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. After HMPA (10 mg/kg body weight) was orally administered, intact and conjugated HMPAs in the bloodstream were detected and reached the maximum concentration in 15 min (HMPA, 2.

Endophthalmitis Postcataract Operation.

Purpose: To present our findings in a case of delayed-onset postoperative endophthalmitis caused by , a rare organism. . A 57-year-old man presented with epiphora and photophobia 17 weeks after a routine cataract extraction with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation.

Moraxella species: infectious microbes identified by use of time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Purpose: To report the clinical manifestations, identification, antimicrobial susceptibilities, and treatment outcomes of ocular infections caused by Moraxella species.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Patients And Methods: The medical records of all patients treated at the Departments of Ophthalmology of the Ogaki Municipal Hospital and the Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine for ocular infections caused by Moraxella species between January 2011 and June 2017 were examined.

3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propionic Acid Produced from 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic Acid by Gut Microbiota Improves Host Metabolic Condition in Diet-Induced Obese Mice.

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid (HMCA), a hydroxycinnamic acid derivative, is abundant in fruits and vegetables, including oranges, carrots, rice bran, and coffee beans. Several beneficial effects of HMCA have been reported, including improvement of metabolic abnormalities in animal models and human studies. However, its mitigating effects on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, and the mechanism underlying these effects, remain to be elucidated.

Orbital T-Cell Lymphoma with Discrete Enlargements of All Extraocular Muscles Bilaterally in Patient with Moon Face Countenance.

. To report our findings in a case of orbital T-cell lymphoma in which all of the extraocular muscles (EOMs) were bilaterally and discretely enlarged and the patient had a moon face countenance. .

Apolipoprotein E2 and E3, but Not E4, Promote Retinal Pathologic Neovascularization.

Purpose: To determine the relationship between the different isoforms of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and retinal neovascularization.

Methods: The concentrations of ApoE and VEGF in vitreous humor samples with either a macular hole (MH), or diabetic macular edema (DME), or proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) with or without intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (IVB) were measured by ELISA. The effects of each isoform of ApoE on human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) in culture or on the retina of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mice were investigated.

Seven cases of localized invasive sino-orbital aspergillosis.

Purpose: To describe the clinical manifestations and prognoses in 7 patients with invasive sino-orbital aspergillosis (ISOA).

Methods: This was a retrospective study of consecutive patients who were diagnosed as having ISOA at the Gifu University Hospital and Gifu Municipal Hospital between January 1993 and December 2015. Data were collected on demographics, initial manifestations, examination findings, treatments, clinical course, and outcomes.

Elderly onset vitreous opacities as the initial manifestation in hereditary transthyretin (ATTR Val30Met) carries.

Familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) is a systemic disorder transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait and is characterized by deposits of protein fibrils in various organs leading to physiologic dysfunction. In cases with FAP in Japanese endemic foci, their signs and symptoms often develop before the age of 40 years. We report on two elderly patients (an 80-year-old woman and an 83-year-old man) with progressive vitreous opacities (VOs) as the initial manifestation of hereditary transthyretin (ATTR Val30Met) carries, who had no evidence of systemic involvement or family history of amyloidosis and lived in non-endemic areas.

Study of ocular candidiasis during nine-year period.

Background: To determine the clinical features, fungal profiles, treatment outcomes, and factors that are significantly associated with the visual outcomes of eyes with endogenous fungal endophthalmitis (EFE).

Material And Methods: The medical records of 17 eyes of 9 patients diagnosed with EFE during January 2005 to December 2013 were reviewed. The collected data included patient characteristics, visual acuities (VAs), length between appearance of the first sign of infection and the first ophthalmic examinations, fungal profiles, and treatment regimen.

Inhibitory effects of antimicrobial agents against Fusarium species.

We investigated the inhibitory effects of antibacterial, biocidal, and antifungal agents against Fusarium spp. Seven Fusarium spp: four F. falciforme (Fusarium solani species complex), one Fusarium spp, one Fusarium spp.

An eleven-year retrospective study of endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis.

Purpose. To determine the clinical features, microbial profiles, treatment outcomes, and prognostic factors for endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis (EBE). Methods.

Case of keratitis caused by Streptomyces thermocarboxydus.

We describe a case of keratitis caused by Streptomyces thermocarboxydus and report the usefulness of molecular analysis in identifying the exact species of Streptomyces. A 50-year-old man was diagnosed with keratitis caused by Streptomyces sp. which was identified as S.

Late-onset bleb-related endophthalmitis caused by Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae.

We report our findings in a 63-year-old male who developed late-onset bleb-related endophthalmitis. The patient had undergone glaucoma surgery 46 years earlier, and had a thin-walled cystic bleb prior to the endophthalmitis in his right eye. He underwent immediate vitrectomy with intravitreal injections of ceftazidime and vancomycin.

Intraocular penetration of intravenous micafungin in inflamed human eyes.

Eight eyes of 7 patients with fungal disease received intravenous injections of 150 to 300 mg micafungin, and samples of blood, cornea, retina-choroid, aqueous humor, and vitreous humor were collected. The micafungin levels in all collected samples exceeded the MICs; however, the levels in the vitreous and aqueous humors were lower. Our findings suggest that intravenous micafungin should be given in combination with intravitreal antifungal agents after vitrectomy in severe cases of intraocular fungal diseases.

Intraocular penetration of itraconazole in patient with fungal endophthalmitis.

The purpose of this study was to determine the penetration of itraconazole, a type of azole antifungal agent, into the aqueous humor and vitreous after repeated oral administrations. Fungal endophthalmitis developed bilaterally in a 21-year-old man who had a history of intravenous hyperalimentation following abdominal surgery. Itraconazole capsules (200 mg/day) were taken orally for 12 consecutive days.

[Clinical manifestations, treatment and outcome of ocular infections caused by Paecilomyces species].

Purpose: To report the predisposing factors, patient background, treatment and outcomes of ocular infections caused by Paecilomyces spp. in Japan.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records and the published literature in Japan on ocular infections caused by microbiologically-proven Paecilomyces spp.

Gemella species-associated late-onset endophthalmitis after trabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin C.

Purpose: To report 2 cases of delayed-onset, bleb-related endophthalmitis induced by Gemella species.

Methods: Interventional case report.

Results: Two patients developed bleb-related ocular infection attributable to Gemella haemolysans and Gemella morbillorum after trabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin C.

Streptococcus intermedius-associated late-onset endophthalmitis after trabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin C.

Purpose: To report a woman with congenital rubella syndrome of delayed-onset, bleb-related endophthalmitis induced by Streptococcus intermedius.

Methods: Interventional case report.

Results: A 33-year-old woman who underwent bilateral trabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin C, 11 years earlier presented with redness and blurred vision in her right eye.

Neuroprotective effect of nipradilol [3,4-dihydro-8-(2-hydroxy-3-isopropylamino)-propoxy-3-nitroxy-2H-1-benzopyran] in a rat model of optic nerve degeneration.

Purpose: Currently, nipradilol, an alpha-1 beta-blocker with a nitric oxide donative action, is used as an ocular hypotensive agent for glaucoma patients in Japan. The aim of the present study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of nipradilol on optic nerve injury in rats.

Materials And Methods: Using a calibrated cross-action forceps, a crush lesion was inflicted unilaterally on the optic nerve 2 mm behind the globe of adult Wistar albino rats and followed by topical instillation of either 0.

Polymicrobial endogenous endophthalmitis.

Purpose: We report a case of polymicrobial endogenous endophthalmitis caused by group G streptococcus and Staphylococcus capitis.

Methods: Standard ophthalmologic examinations.

Results: A 72-year-old woman presented with signs of uveitis.

Improvement of scotopic electroretinograms and night blindness with recovery of serum zinc levels.

Background: We sought to determine the cause of reduced scotopic and photopic electroretinograms (ERGs) and night blindness in a 46-year-old man with liver dysfunction but no history of alcoholism.

Case: A 46-year-old Japanese man with a complaint of visual difficulties in dim light for 1 month.

Observations: By electrophysiological investigation, the patient was found to have low levels of serum zinc and vitamin A on admission.