ATNAS: Automatic Termination for Neural Architecture Search.

Neural architecture search (NAS) is a framework for automating the design process of a neural network structure. While the recent one-shot approaches have reduced the search cost, there still exists an inherent trade-off between cost and performance. It is important to appropriately stop the search and further reduce the high cost of NAS.

Epidemiology of locomotive syndrome using updated clinical decision limits: 6-year follow-ups of the ROAD study.

Introduction: Locomotive syndrome (LOCOMO) is defined by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) as a condition requiring nursing care due to a decline in mobility resulting from musculoskeletal disorders. In 2020, the JOA announced the new definition of LOCOMO stage 3 and revision of clinical decision limits in stages of LOCOMO. However, there are few reports on the epidemiological indices of LOCOMO.

Principal Component Analysis for Gaussian Process Posteriors.

This letter proposes an extension of principal component analysis for gaussian process (GP) posteriors, denoted by GP-PCA. Since GP-PCA estimates a low-dimensional space of GP posteriors, it can be used for metalearning, a framework for improving the performance of target tasks by estimating a structure of a set of tasks. The issue is how to define a structure of a set of GPs with an infinite-dimensional parameter, such as coordinate system and a divergence.

Validity, Responsiveness, and Predictive Ability of the Japanese Version of the Cumulated Ambulation Score in Patients with Hip Fracture.

Objectives: The aim of the current study was to investigate the validity, the responsiveness, and the predictive ability for discharge to own home of the Japanese version of the Cumulated Ambulation Score (CAS-JP). This was achieved by analyzing the CAS-JP after hip fracture surgery at multiple time points until patient discharge.

Methods: Patients who underwent hip fracture surgery were evaluated using CAS-JP, the Barthel Index, and walking ability on postoperative day (POD) 1, 7, and 14 and at discharge.

Reference values for the locomotive syndrome risk test quantifying mobility of 8681 adults aged 20-89 years: A cross-sectional nationwide study in Japan.

Background: The locomotive syndrome risk test was developed to quantify the decrease in mobility among adults, which could eventually lead to disability. The purpose of this study was to establish reference values for the locomotive syndrome risk test for adults and investigate the influence of age and sex.

Methods: We analyzed 8681 independent community dwellers (3607 men, 5074 women).

The one-leg portion of the Stand-Up Test predicts fall risk in aged individuals: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Falls are a primary cause of physical disability in older adults, making them a major public health problem. Locomotive syndrome risk assessments have proven to be simple to administer, practical, and useful as screening tools in detecting decreased mobility in middle-aged and elderly adults. The current prospective study investigated whether these tests were associated with future falls among elderly Japanese.

Locomotive syndrome in Japan.

The present aging rate in Japan of some 28% will continue to increase along with the advancing age of elderly persons. Therefore, the demand for care will also increase. Approximately 25% of the need for nursing-care defined by the Japanese long-term care insurance system is associated with disorders or deterioration of locomotive organs.

[Prevention of osteoporosis during pregnancy and lactation period.].

Post-pregnant osteoporosis, characterized by low back pain and vertebral fractures, is a relatively rare disease. For avoiding post-pregnant osteoporosis and decrease in bone mass during pregnancy or lactation period, it is necessary to obtain sufficient bone mass during the growth period and maintain bone mass in adulthood. From the results of the national nutrition and health survey, the total energy, protein, calcium intake of women aged 20s and 30s is the lowest in all ages.

Identifying elderly people at risk for cognitive decline by using the 2-step test.

[Purpose] The purpose is to verify the effectiveness of the 2-step test in predicting cognitive decline in elderly individuals. [Subjects and Methods] One hundred eighty-two participants aged over 65 years underwent the 2-step test, cognitive function tests and higher level competence testing. Participants were classified as Robust, <1.

Traumatic vertebral artery dissection in high school rugby players: A report of two cases.

Traumatic vertebral artery dissection (VAD) has been reported in various types of sports and recreation. However, there have been no reports of VAD in rugby players, except for those with cervical spine injuries. We experienced two cases of VAD without cervical spine injuries in high school rugby players.

[Osteoporosis Liaison Service and exercise regimens, based on Locomotive Syndrome.].

The purpose of Osteoporosis Liaison Service(OLS)is primary and secondary prevention of osteoporosis and fragility fracture by multiple medical occupations. Exercise instruction and exercise intervention are important factors in OLS. Exercise has effects of increasing bone density and preventing falls.

Romosozumab increases bone mineral density in postmenopausal Japanese women with osteoporosis: A phase 2 study.

Background: Romosozumab is a monoclonal antibody that inhibits sclerostin and rapidly increases bone mineral density (BMD) through a dual effect on bone by increasing bone formation and decreasing bone resorption, as shown in a global phase 2 study in postmenopausal women with low bone mass. Here, we report the key results of a phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study to assess the efficacy and safety of romosozumab in postmenopausal Japanese women with osteoporosis.

Methods: Participants were postmenopausal Japanese women with osteoporosis aged 55-85years with a lumbar spine, total hip, or femoral neck dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry T-score≤-2.

[The significance of exercises and sports in the locomotive syndrome prevention.].

In Japan, the world's fastest aging country, the locomotive syndrome that shows a decrease in the mobility due to dysfunctions of the locomotor organs is a major risk factor of long-term care need in the old age. Exercises and sports habits are well reviewed to lead to the improvement and maintenance of motor function, and exercises are also useful in the prevention of a number of musculoskeletal diseases. In addition, several trials with the exercise intervention indicated improvement in motor function, suggesting exercises could prevent the locomotive syndrome.

Effect of a simple and adherent home exercise program on the physical function of community dwelling adults sixty years of age and older with pre-sarcopenia or sarcopenia.

[Purpose] To evaluate the effect of a home exercise program on physical function in community dwelling elderly with pre-sarcopenia or sarcopenia. [Subjects and Methods] Fifty-two community-dwelling individuals, over 60 years and meeting the diagnostic criteria for pre-sarcopenia or sarcopenia, were randomly assigned to intervention group (n=34) and control group (n=18). The intervention group completed 6-months home exercise programs, combining walking with lower limb resistance exercises.

[On "2015 Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis". Osteoporosis in relation to locomotive syndrome].

In the super-aged society of Japan, both osteoporosis and locomotive syndrome are important together from a point of view of the extension of the healthy life expectancy. Osteoporosis is an significant constituting disease of locomotive syndrome, and the measures for locomotive syndrome are important to the prevention of osteoporotic fracture, because it influences the risk of falling. Actually, a rating system and the measures for locomotive syndrome have significant relationship with evaluation and decreace of the risk of falling.

Development of a screening program to assess motor function in the adult population: a cross-sectional observational study.

Background: Motor dysfunction is a major reason why the elderly lose their independence in their daily lives. The concept of locomotive syndrome has been proposed to describe the risk of mobility dependence caused by various locomotive organ disorders. The preservation of locomotive organs is now socially important in the middle-aged and geriatric population.

Effective connectivity maps in the swine somatosensory cortex estimated from electrocorticography and validated with intracortical local field potential measurements.

Macroscopic techniques are increasingly being used to estimate functional connectivity in the brain, which provides valuable information about brain networks. In any such endeavors it is important to understand capabilities and limitations of each technique through direct validation, which is often lacking. This study evaluated a multiple dipole source analysis technique based on electrocorticography (ECOG) data in estimating effective connectivity maps and validated the technique with intracortical local field potential (LFP) recordings.

[Fall risk and fracture. Locomotive syndrome and fall].

Locomotive syndrome means a condition at a risk for requiring nursing care due to deteriorated musculoskeletal organs in the middle-aged and older people. Considering that this concept aims to care prevention and that fracture for fall consists of one-tenth of causes for requiring using care, fall prevention should be an important goal of preventing or improving locomotive syndrome. As a matter of fact, locomotion check - a short form for predicting locomotive syndrome- contains items evaluating fall risk, and locomotion training - recommended exercises designated for strengthening muscles of lower extremities and balance - likely to decrease future incidence of falls.

[Evaluation methods of therapeutic effects of drugs for osteoporosis].

"The guideline for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis 2011" shows methods and precautions for evaluations of therapeutic effects of drugs for osteoporosis, in terms of bone mineral measurements, bone turnover markers, and vertebral deformities and fractures. Bone mineral measurements are effective, but responsible for just some part of the observed reduction in the risk of vertebral fracture. Bone turnover markers enable early and easy evaluations for the effectiveness of drugs, such as bone-resorption inhibitors or bone-formation accelerators.

[Locomotive syndrome and frailty. Concepts and methods of locomotion training].

Locomotive syndrome means a condition of need for long-term care or a condition at the possible risk of it, due to weakening of locomotive organs, which is, in other words, frailty of mobility. Locomotion training is all exercises that help prevention or remediation from locomotive syndrome and the centerpieces of them consist of squats and single-leg standing exercises. This article explains the concepts of locomotion training and the actual manual of those two exercises.

Independent association of joint space narrowing and osteophyte formation at the knee with health-related quality of life in Japan: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: To clarify the individual associations of joint space narrowing (JSN) and osteophytosis at the knee with quality of life (QOL) in Japanese men and women using a large-scale population-based cohort from the Research on Osteoarthritis Against Disability (ROAD) study.

Methods: The associations of minimum joint space width (JSW) and osteophyte area in the medial compartment of the knee with QOL parameters, such as the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), were examined. Minimum JSW and osteophyte area in the medial compartment of the knee were measured using a computer-aided system for the diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis.