Iatrogenic intracranial hypotension complicated to dural venous sinus thrombosis and lobar hemorrhage: A case report.

Iatrogenic intracranial hypotension is a known complication of spinal anesthesia that can lead to more severe conditions, such as dural or cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). This report presents a case of intracranial hypotension in a young woman after lumbar anesthesia for a cesarean section that was complicated by CVST and subsequently by lobar hemorrhage, clinically presenting with severe headache and seizures. The diagnosis was made via cerebral magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and the patient was treated medically.

Computed tomography features and surgical treatment of wandering spleen torsion: A case report.

Wandering spleen is a rare clinical entity characterized by the laxity, absence, or abnormal attachment of splenic supporting ligaments leading to hypermobility and abnormal positioning of the spleen in the abdominal cavity. The abnormally increased mobility of the spleen predisposes it to torsion and infarction. Authors present a case of wandering spleen complicated to torsion and infarct in a middle aged lady.

Hysterosalpingography and Ultrasonography Features of Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich Syndrome Detected during Infertility Workup.

The Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome (HWWS) is a very rare congenital anomaly of the urogenital tract. It is characterized by a combination of didelphys uterus, unilateral vaginal obstruction, and ipsilateral renal agenesis. MRI imaging is usually used for diagnosis; however, the authors present a case of HWWS diagnosed by ultrasonography (HSG) and hysterosalpingography (HSG) in a 22-year-old lady who has undergone an imaging workup of infertility.

Proteus mirabilis: A rare cause of pneumonia, radiologically mimicking malignancy of the lung.

Key Clinical Message: Lesions that are suspected for malignancy need be managed by a multidisciplinary team. Utilization of radiological as well as pathological diagnostic modalities ensures correct diagnosis and thus timely intervention.

Introduction: is a Gram-negative rod.

Relationship of age and gender with cytopathological findings of thyroid nodules diagnosed by FNAC: a retrospective study.

In Afghanistan, there are no reliable epidemiological data available about thyroid cytopathology and its possible relationship with the age and gender of patients. Therefore, we conducted this study to outline this relationship and the importance of fine needle aspiration cytology in this regard. A retrospective review study was conducted including 686 consecutive medical records of thyroid nodules diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology in a span of five years.

A rare nasopharyngeal foreign body (detached beverage can stay-tab): A case report.

Foreign body ingestion and inhalation is a very common problem in children while nasopharyngeal foreign body aspiration in children is rare but can present; therefore, timely diagnosis of the nasopharyngeal foreign body is crucial and vital for the patient. Authors present a rare case of nasopharyngeal foreign body (detached beverage can stay-tab) in 1-year-old male child. Authors suggest that although nasopharyngeal foreign body aspiration is a rare entity, but should be considered as a crucial diagnosis in pediatric patients with history of foreign body aspiration.

Misdiagnosis of Budd Chiari syndrome, a case report from Afghanistan.

Introduction: Budd-Chiari syndrome is a rare disease characterized by hepatic venous flow obstruction. The obstruction may be thrombotic or non-thrombotic anywhere along the venous course from the hepatic venules to the inferior vena cava (IVC) junction to the right atrium. In clinical practice, cases can be misdiagnosed, particularly in regions where resources are limited, unless the clinician pays special attention to such diagnosis.

Ruptured middle cranial fossa arachnoid cysts after minor trauma in adolescent boys presenting with subdural hygroma: two case reports.

Background: Intracranial arachnoid cysts are common, cerebrospinal fluid-filled, innocent lesions that are usually detected incidentally on brain imaging. They may rupture and complicate due to subdural hematoma or hygroma after minor trauma. Authors present two cases of ruptured middle cranial fossa arachnoid cysts in adolescent (12-year-old and 15-year-old) Afghan boys presenting with subdural hygroma after minor trauma.

Infantile presentation of the canal of Nuck hernia containing uterus and ovary: a case report.

Indirect inguinal hernias of the canal of Nuck containing the uterus and the ovary is rare entity in girls presenting as labia major masses at infancy and early childhood. Authors present a case of the canal of Nuck hernia in a 5-month-old girl presented as palpable lump in the right labia majora which was diagnosed by ultrasonography. Ultrasound is the noninvasive diagnostic modality of choice in for evaluation of palpable external genital masses in children.

Intrarenal teratoma within a horseshoe kidney-A case report.

Teratomas commonly occur within ovaries, sacrococcygeal regions, testis, mediastinum, and intracranial regions. One of the rare sites for this tumor includes kidneys. Renal anomalies such as horseshoe kidneys with teratoma are one of the extremely rare presentations.

Computed tomography features and surgical treatment of superior mesenteric artery syndrome: A case report.

Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is described as compression of the third part of the duodenum between SMA and aorta with resultant obstruction and dilatation of proximal duodenum and stomach. Virtually, any condition associated with weight reduction may predispose the patient to SMA syndrome. A 17-year-old boy complaining from persistent vomiting, dull abdominal pain, anorexia, and weight loss for long time presented to the pediatric surgery department.

Misdiagnosed adult presentation of diastematomyelia and tethered cord.

Diastematomyelia with tethered cord is an uncommon congenital anomaly that is generally diagnosed in childhood but may rarely present in adulthood, we present the case of a 48-year-old man with diastematomyelia and tethered cord whose diagnosis was initially missed, leading to unnecessary spine surgery. The correct diagnosis was made from follow-up imaging. Because common clinical complaints such as back pain may be caused by unusual conditions, the authors suggest that radiologists and treating physicians should remain vigilant for unusual presentations of rare diseases.

Congenital heart disease frequency in children undergoing MDCT angiography; a 4-year tertiary care hospital experience from Kabul, Afghanistan.

Objectives: Echocardiography and cardiac angiography are two main imaging modalities used for evaluating congenital heart diseases (CHDs). Evaluation of CHDs is now possible with Multidetector CT (MDCT) angiography in Afghanistan. To the best of researchers' knowledge, no published data is available on frequency of CHDs among children undergoing chest MDCT angiography in Afghanistan; hence, this study is first of its nature to be conducted in this context.

CT features of lung agenesis - a case series (6 cases).

Back Ground: Lung agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly. The main etiology of the disease is unknown whereas genetic, iatrogenic and viral factors as well as vitamin A deficiency during early pregnancy may result in developmental failure of primitive lung bud causing unilateral pulmonary agenesis. Affected patients usually present with variable respiratory symptoms and recurrent chest infection at any age.

Late presentation, MR imaging features and surgical treatment of Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome (classification 2.2); a case report.

Background: Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome is a very rare congenital genitourinary anomaly characterized by uterus didelphys, blind hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis.

Case Presentation: Authors present a case of Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome in a 19-year-old unmarried woman who presented with pelvic pain and pelvic mass. MR imaging revealed the typical features of didelphys uterus, obstructed right hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis.

Incidental finding of cardiac hydatid cysts, report of two cases.

Background: Hydatid is a parasitic infection which can affect any organ of body. In some organs like liver and lung; it can be found regularly while in other organs like heart, it is seen very rarely. Cardiac hydatid cysts comprise less than of 2% of hydatid infection cases and may be detected incidentally.

Radiographic features of Ollier's disease - two case reports.

Background: Ollier's disease is a non-hereditary, benign bone tumor which is usually characterized by presence of multiple radiolucent lesions (enchondromas) in the metaphysis of long bones with unilateral predominance. The disease is a rare clinical entity with 1/100000 occurrence in early childhood. Patients mostly present with multiple hard swellings and deformity of the tubular bones specially hands and feet with leg discrepancy and pathologic fractures.

CT and MRI Features of Pediatric-Aged Colloid Cysts: Report of Two Cases.

A 10-year-old boy with the history of headache, anorexia, and vomiting was referred to our department to undergo a brain CT scan. CT images demonstrated a well-defined, rounded, hyperdense lesion at the level of the foramen of Monro causing moderate dilatation of the lateral ventricles. An 11-year-old girl with a long history of a headache was also referred to undergoing a brain MRI.

A rare clinic entity: Huge trichobezoar.

Introduction: Trichobezoar is a rare clinical entity in which a ball of hair amasses within the alimentary tract. It can either be found as isolated mass in the stomach or may extend into the intestine. Trichobezoars mostly occur in young females with psychiatric disorders such as trichophagia and trichotillomania.

Intestinal malrotation and midgut volvulus.

A four-day-old boy presented with persistent bilious vomiting, bloody stained stool, and mild abdominal distension. Transabdominal ultrasound demonstrated a round soft-tissue mass-like structure in the right upper quadrant. With color Doppler ultrasound, the whirlpool sign was observed.

Computed tomography features of supracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection in an infant.

Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) is a rare congenital anomaly of the pulmonary veins drainage. In this entity, the pulmonary veins, instead of draining to left atrium, connect abnormally to the systemic venous circulation. A right-to-left shunt is obligatory for survival.

Childhood giant omental and mesenteric lipoma.

Omental and mesenteric lipomas are very rare benign lesions of mature adipose tissue. They are well-defined, noninvasive, and encapsulated masses that can be discovered in asymptomatic patients or may cause variable nonspecific symptoms depending on their size and location. The omental and mesenteric lipoma has confusing features in ultrasound; however, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging can well characterize and demarcate these lesions.

Visual and otologic manifestation of Camurati-Engelmann's disease: a case report.

Camurati-Engelmann's disease (CED) is a rare disorder worldwide with just over 200 cases reported. No case of CED has been reported in Afghanistan till date. Most patients of CED (also known as progressive diaphyseal dysplasia and oeteopathica hyperostotica multiplex infantalis) present with extremity pain, muscle weakness, and waddling gait.