[Translated article] Deglufarm: Mobile application with recommendations for the safe administration of drugs in patients with dysphagia or swallowing disorders.

Objective: Develop an App to use in healthcare practice, with updated and accurate information on the handling of medications in patients with dysphagia or deglution disorders, as well as their compatibility with food and thickeners.

Methods: The development of the Deglufarm® App was based on the CRONOS, Nutrition and Techno working groups of the Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria. A group of specialist pharmacists was created from different care areas for patients with dysphagia.

Deglufarm: Mobile application with recommendations for safety drug administration in patients with dysphagia or deglution disorders.

Objective: Develop an App to use in healthcare practice, with updated and accurate information on the handling of medications in patients with dysphagia or deglution disorders, as well as their compatibility with food and thickeners.

Methods: The development of the Deglufarm® App was based on the CRONOS, Nutrition and Techno working groups of the Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria. A group of specialist pharmacists was created from different care areas for patients with dysphagia.

Pharmaceutical management of the COVID-19 pandemic in a mid-size hospital.

The purpose of this article is to report the experience of the Department of Hospital Pharmacy of a mid-size hospital during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The human and material resources available in a mid-size hospital were more limited than in larger hospitals of the region. In this article, we describe how this Department of Hospital Pharmacy was reorganized to meet the increase in activity, the strategies developed and the  lessons learned for future pandemics.

[Thermolabile drugs: pharmacist intervention as a guarantee of cold chain maintenance].

Objective: To determine whether pharmacist is able to guarantee cold chain maintenance of thermolabile drugs during transport using the available information in the reception process and to compare these results with those obtained in a subsequent intervention phase, in which the manufacturing laboratories were contacted.

Methods: Intervention study, prospective and comparative"before-after". It was analyzed the storage conditions during transport of all thermolabile drugs received in a 400-bed hospital for 3 months, excluding those from clinical trials.

[Thermolabile drugs stability faced with an accidental interruption in the cold chain].

Objective: To develop an updated guide about the stability of thermolabile drugs included in the Pharmacotherapeutic Guide that,according to product information sheet, should be stored under refrigeration or freezing, when are accidentally exposed to temperatures outside the range recommended by the manufacturer.

Methods: It was reviewed the information about storage temperatures recommended in the product information sheet and the available stability data at different temperatures of thermolabile drugs included in the Pharmacotherapeutic Guide of a 400-bed hospital that, according to the manufacturer, should be stored under refrigeration or freezing. Drugs of clinical trials were excluded.

[Assessment of the utilization of angiotensin receptor blockers in hypertension].

Objective: To assess the degree in which the utilization of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in our Healthcare Area fits the criteria proposed by the Autonomous Community of Madrid (CAM) before setting «Plan de Actuación de ARA-II» («Action Plan ARA-II»). To study the indications for which are prescribed and to identify those factors that can show influence in prescription.

Methods: Drug utilization study of the type indication-prescription, descriptive and transversal, for which ARBs-treated and hypertensive patients admitted to a University General Hospital for a study period of 3 months were selected.

[The application of new technologies to hospital pharmacy in Spain].

Objective: To describe the degree of introduction of new technologies in the medication use process in pharmacy services in Spain.

Method: A descriptive study via a survey into the degree of introduction of computer systems for: management, computerized physician order entry (CPOE), automated unit dose drug dispensing, preparation of parenteral nutrition solutions, recording drug administration, pharmaceutical care and foreseen improvements. The survey was sent by electronic mail to the heads of the pharmacy services of 207 hospitals throughout Spain.

[A pharmacoeconomic study of in-hospital treatment against community-acquired pneumonia].

Introduction: A computer-driven unit-dose drug-dispensing system allows for improved knowledge on pharmaceutical costs per DRG and clinical department, between-hospital pharmacoeconomic studies to be carried out, as well as deviation analysis.

Methods: A retrospective, cost-minimization study was undertaken to both analyze and compare prescriptions for a number of antibiotics and bronchodilators, and their costs in both 89 and 90 DRGs, as well as their cost per hospital stay in patients admitted to the Internal Medicine Departments of two hospitals in Areas 6 (HUPH) and 9 (SVO) in CAM (Autonomous Community of Madrid). A statistical analysis was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Student 's "t" test, Mann-Whitney test, and least squares method.

[Antioxidants: the therapy of the future?].

In the present review piece, we analyze the formation of free radicals as a consequence of the cellular metabolism in aerobe organism, and the beneficious and harmful actions thereof on cellular structures. The balance existing between free radicals and the so-called antioxidant defenses, is a key factor for preventing the development of noxious processes at the cellular and tissue level. In accordance with the present scientific knowledge, the excessive production of free radicals in the organism, and the imbalance between the concentrations of these and the antioxidant defenses, may be related to processes such as aging and several diseases, among which we find cancer, ischemic processes, senile dementia, diabetes, pulmonary and pancreatic diseases, lupus erythematosus, cirrhosis, intestinal inflammatory disease, multiple sclerosis, arthritis, arteriosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, diseases of the central nervous system and the brain.

[Description of a computer program and results of its application to the follow up of enteral nutrition].

Computerization has been introduced little by little in the different activities which take place in a department of pharmacy, due to the fact that it means an increased agility of the tasks to be performed as well as an improvement of the care and managerial quality. In our hospital, the department of pharmacy makes up enteral nutrition units, and it participates in the follow up and control of the patients with this type of nutrition through a computer program designed for this purpose. The objective of the present study is to describe this computerized program as well as the results obtained by its application.

[Lipid vehicles for the parenteral administration of drugs (2): liposomes].

The studies conducted in the past decades of the different medication carriers, have made different active substances available to the therapeutic arsenal, by using liposomes as a vehicle. Since Bangham discovered their preparation in the sixties, important technological advances have taken place on this formulation, with there being great expectations for its potential application as a vehicle for medication or other active molecules. The presently available knowledge in preclinical and clinical studies with different liposomal formulations of narrow range active substances with a high toxicity, have allowed them to be objectively seem as a good administration system for these drugs, since their more selective action improves their tolerance.