The push to infuse mental health education across advanced nursing curricula.

Research indicates that knowledge gaps and unfavorable attitudes among primary care advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) are linked to stigma surrounding psychiatric care, affecting the management of patients experiencing mental illness. Despite standards of practice and educational guidelines set forth by professional nursing organizations to increase quality of care, challenges exist when delivering care to patients with mental health disorders. Lack of integration of mental health education throughout graduate nursing courses contributes to an underestimation of its significance and applicability within advanced practice nursing in primary care.

Secreted Phospholipases A2: Drivers of Inflammation and Cancer.

Secreted phospholipase 2 (sPLA2) is the largest family of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes with 11 mammalian isoforms. Each sPLA2 exhibits different localizations and specific properties, being involved in a very wide spectrum of biological processes. The enzymatic activity of sPLA2 has been well described; however, recent findings have shown that they could regulate different signaling pathways by acting directly as ligands.

Nitric oxide controls shoot meristem activity via regulation of DNA methylation.

Despite the importance of Nitric Oxide (NO) as signaling molecule in both plant and animal development, the regulatory mechanisms downstream of NO remain largely unclear. Here, we show that NO is involved in Arabidopsis shoot stem cell control via modifying expression and activity of ARGONAUTE 4 (AGO4), a core component of the RNA-directed DNA Methylation (RdDM) pathway. Mutations in components of the RdDM pathway cause meristematic defects, and reduce responses of the stem cell system to NO signaling.

Moderately hypofractionated post-operative radiation therapy for breast cancer: preferences amongst radiation oncologists from countries in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Background: The safety and effectiveness of moderately hypofractionated post-operative radiation therapy for breast cancer were demonstrated by several trials. This study aimed to evaluate the current patterns of practice and prescription preference about moderately hypofractionated post-operative radiation therapy to assess possible aspects that affect the decision-making process regarding the use of fractionation in breast cancer patients in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). We also aimed to identify factors that can restrain the utilization of moderately hypofractionated post-operative radiation therapy for breast cancer.

MicroRNAs Present in Malignant Pleural Fluid Increase the Migration of Normal Mesothelial Cells In Vitro and May Help Discriminate between Benign and Malignant Effusions.

The sensitivity of pleural fluid (PF) analyses for the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusions (MPEs) is low to moderate. Knowledge about the pathobiology and molecular characteristics of this condition is limited. In this study, the crosstalk between stromal cells and tumor cells was investigated in vitro in order to reveal factors that are present in PF which can mediate MPE formation and aid in discriminating between benign and malignant etiologies.

PLA2G12A as a Novel Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer with Prognostic Relevance.

Metastasis is the leading cause of colorectal cancer (CRC)-related deaths. Therefore, the identification of accurate biomarkers predictive of metastasis is needed to better stratify high-risk patients to provide preferred management and reduce mortality. In this study, we identified 13 new genes that modified circulating tumor cell numbers using a genome-wide genetic screen in a whole animal CRC model.

Oligodendrocytes in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cortical grafts remyelinate adult rat and human cortical neurons.

Neuronal loss and axonal demyelination underlie long-term functional impairments in patients affected by brain disorders such as ischemic stroke. Stem cell-based approaches reconstructing and remyelinating brain neural circuitry, leading to recovery, are highly warranted. Here, we demonstrate the in vitro and in vivo production of myelinating oligodendrocytes from a human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived long-term neuroepithelial stem (lt-NES) cell line, which also gives rise to neurons with the capacity to integrate into stroke-injured, adult rat cortical networks.

The impact of surface area per volume (SA/V) ratio on drug transport from supersaturated solutions of ketoconazole.

The purpose of this study aimed to evaluate the impact of the surface area per volume (SA/V) ratio on drug transport from two supersaturated solutions (SSs) of ketoconazole with and without hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), used as a precipitation inhibitor. In vitro dissolution, membrane permeation with two SA/V ratios, and in vivo absorption profiles for both SSs were determined. For the SS without HPMC, a two-step precipitation process due to the liquid-liquid phase separation was observed; the constant concentration with approximately 80 % of the dissolved amount was maintained for the first 5 min and subsequently decreased between 5 and 30 min.

Temporal dynamics of TNF-mediated changes in hematopoietic stem cell function and recovery.

While tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a critical mediator of appropriate immune response and tissue repair, its misregulation is linked to cancer, autoimmunity, bone marrow failure, and aging. Understanding the context-dependent roles of TNF is essential for elucidating normal and pathogenic conditions and to guide clinical therapy advancements. Prior studies suggested that TNF restricts the self-renewal capacity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), but its long-term effect on HSCs remains unclear.

The Male Mouse Meiotic Cilium Emanates from the Mother Centriole at Zygotene Prior to Centrosome Duplication.

Cilia are hair-like projections of the plasma membrane with an inner microtubule skeleton known as axoneme. Motile cilia and flagella beat to displace extracellular fluids, playing important roles in the airways and reproductive system. On the contrary, primary cilia function as cell-type-dependent sensory organelles, detecting chemical, mechanical, or optical signals from the extracellular environment.

Opposite polarity programs regulate asymmetric subsidiary cell divisions in grasses.

Grass stomata recruit lateral subsidiary cells (SCs), which are key to the unique stomatal morphology and the efficient plant-atmosphere gas exchange in grasses. Subsidiary mother cells (SMCs) strongly polarise before an asymmetric division forms a SC. Yet apart from a proximal polarity module that includes PANGLOSS1 (PAN1) and guides nuclear migration, little is known regarding the developmental processes that form SCs.

In silico evaluation of flavonoids as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main nonstructural proteins (Nsps)-amentoflavone as a multitarget candidate.

Despite the development of vaccines against COVID-19 disease and the multiple efforts to find efficient drugs as treatment for this virus, there are too many social, political, economic, and health inconveniences to incorporate a fully accessible plan of prevention and therapy against SARS-CoV-2. In this sense, it is necessary to find nutraceutical/pharmaceutical drugs as possible COVID-19 preventives/treatments. Based on their beneficial effects, flavonoids are one of the most promising compounds.

Etiologies of outpatient medically attended acute respiratory infections among young Ecuadorian children prior to the start of the 2020 SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Background: Implementation of respiratory virus prevention measures requires detailed understanding of regional epidemiology; however, data from many tropical countries are sparse. We describe etiologies of ambulatory pediatric acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) in Ecuador immediately preceding the onset of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

Methods: Children < 5 years presenting to a designated study site with an ARTI were eligible.

Sleep disturbances and behavior in Smith-Magenis syndrome.

Background: The Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS) shows a collection of neurodevelopmental problems including mild to moderate intellectual disability, change-related anxiety, impulsivity, speech delay, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADH) and sleep disturbances. Sleep disorders, when present, have been treated in several populations with consecutive improvements in cognitive and behavioral aspects.

Aims: To better understand the existing relationships between sleep disturbances and behavioral problems in SMS syndrome this study describes the sleep and behavior problems in the SMS and explores the possible relation between both.

Early-life stress elicits peripheral and brain immune activation differently in wild type and 5xFAD mice in a sex-specific manner.

Background: The risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) is modulated by genetic and environmental factors. Early-life stress (ELS) exposure during critical periods of brain development can impact later brain function and health, including increasing the risk of developing AD. Microglial dysfunction and neuroinflammation have been implicated as playing a role in AD pathology and may be modulated by ELS.

Black Seed Oil, Bentonite Clay, and Probiotics: A Comprehensive Holistic Cure for Infection in a 2-Year-Old Female Child.

There has been a rise in antibiotic resistance in secondary conditions such as () due to overuse of antibiotics. Oral antibiotics are used to treat , which further disrupts the intestinal flora resulting in unwanted side effects. Naturopathic treatments often have fewer side effects and lower secondary infection risk than pharmaceutical interventions making them ideal for pediatric use.

Continuous thoracic paravertebral analgesia after minimally invasive atrial septal defect closure surgery in pediatric population: Effectiveness and safety analysis.

Introduction: Lateral thoracotomy is replacing traditional median sternotomy for atrial septal defect (ASD) closure in children in order to improve cosmetic outcomes. Continuous paravertebral block has been described as an effective and safe analgesic technique in children. The aim of this study is to assess pain management by continuous perfusion of local anesthetic through a thoracic paravertebral catheter (PVC) in a pediatric population after thoracotomy closure of ASD, and its effectiveness in a fast-track program.

A somatic mutation in moesin drives progression into acute myeloid leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) arises when leukemia-initiating cells, defined by a primary genetic lesion, acquire subsequent molecular changes whose cumulative effects bypass tumor suppression. The changes that underlie AML pathogenesis not only provide insights into the biology of transformation but also reveal novel therapeutic opportunities. However, backtracking these events in transformed human AML samples is challenging, if at all possible.

Are Transcription Factors Plausible Oncotargets for Triple Negative Breast Cancers?

Breast cancer (BC) is the most diagnosed cancer worldwide and one of the main causes of cancer deaths. BC is a heterogeneous disease composed of different BC intrinsic subtypes such as triple-negative BC (TNBC), which is one of the most aggressive subtypes and which lacks a targeted therapy. Recent comprehensive analyses across cell types and cancer types have outlined a vast network of protein-protein associations between transcription factors (TFs).

Bmi1 induction protects hematopoietic stem cells against pronounced long-term hematopoietic stress.

The Polycomb complex protein Bmi1 is regarded as a master regulator of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In the blood system, HSCs express Bmi1 most abundantly, and Bmi1 expression wanes as cells differentiate. Furthermore, Bmi1 has been found to be overexpressed in several hematologic cancers.

Is it possible to treat nonalcoholic liver disease using a flavanol-based nutraceutical approach? Basic and clinical data.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by a spectrum of diseases, ranging from simple steatosis to hepatocellular carcinoma. The main factors for NAFLD are closely related to obesity, insulin resistance, intestinal microbiota alterations, hyperinsulinism, low-grade systemic inflammation, nitroxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Currently, the treatment of NAFLD is based on diet and exercise because, to date, there is no specific pharmacological agent, already approved, that raises the need for new therapeutic strategies.

Microenvironmental Reactive Oxygen Species in Colorectal Cancer: Involved Processes and Therapeutic Opportunities.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Although screening programs have reduced mortality rates, there is a need for research focused on finding the main factors that lead primary CRC to progress and metastasize. During tumor progression, malignant cells modify their habitat, corrupting or transforming cells of different origins and creating the tumor microenvironment (TME).

Case Study 7: Transporters Case Studies-In Vitro Solutions for Translatable Outcomes.

Assessing the interactions of a new drug candidate with transporters, either as a substrate, inhibitor, or inducer, is no simple matter. There are many clinically relevant transporters, as many as nine to be evaluated for an FDA submission and up to 11 for the EMA as of 2020. Additionally, it is likely that if a compound is a substrate or inhibitor of one transporter, it will be so for other transporters as well.

Principles and Experimental Considerations for In Vitro Transporter Interaction Assays.

Drug transporters are universally acknowledged as important determinants of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of both endogenous and exogenous compounds. Altered transporter function, whether due to genetic polymorphism, DDIs, disease, or environmental factors such as dietary constituents, can result in changes in drug efficacy and/or toxicity due to changes in circulating or tissue levels of either drugs or endogenous substrates.Prediction of whether and to what extent the biological fate of a drug is influenced by drug transporters, therefore, requires in vitro test systems that can accurately predict the risk and magnitude of clinical DDIs.

Spinal Muscular Atrophy autophagy profile is tissue-dependent: differential regulation between muscle and motoneurons.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular genetic disease caused by reduced survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. SMN is ubiquitous and deficient levels cause spinal cord motoneurons (MNs) degeneration and muscle atrophy. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which SMN reduction in muscle contributes to SMA disease is not fully understood.