Central amygdala is related to the reduction of aggressive behavior by monosodium glutamate ingestion during the period of development in an ADHD model rat.

Introduction: Monosodium glutamate (MSG), an umami substance, stimulates the gut-brain axis communication via gut umami receptors and the subsequent vagus nerves. However, the brain mechanism underlying the effect of MSG ingestion during the developmental period on aggression has not yet been clarified. We first tried to establish new experimental conditions to be more appropriate for detailed analysis of the brain, and then investigated the effects of MSG ingestion on aggressive behavior during the developmental stage of an ADHD rat model.

Assessment on interoceptive awareness on alcohol use and gambling disorders reveals dissociable interoceptive abilities linked to external and internal dependencies: Practical use of Body Perception Questionnaire Very Short Form (BPQ-VSF) in clinical settings.

Interoception is one of the pivotal cognitive functions for mechanisms of our body awareness, and malfunction of the interoceptive network is thought to be associated with mental illness, including addiction. Within addictive disorders, substance-based and non-substance-based addictions are known to hold dissociable reward systems. However, little is known about how interoceptive awareness between these addiction sub-types would differ.

Renal outcomes with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in Japanese people with grade 3 chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes: Analysis of medical administrative databases.

Aim: To evaluate whether sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) therapy is associated with a reduction of renal events compared with other glucose-lowering drugs (oGLDs) among Japanese people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and grade 3 (G3) chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a real-world clinical practice setting.

Materials And Methods: People with T2D who were newly prescribed an SGLT2i or an oGLD from April 2014 to November 2021 (without prior use of index drugs for ≥ 1 year prior to index date) and G3 CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] ≥ 30 to < 60 mL/min/1.73 m) were selected from the Medical Data Vision database (MDV-DB) and the Real-World Data database (RWD-DB).

Potential Therapeutic Effects of MCC1274 on Alzheimer's Disease Pathologies in Mice.

We previously demonstrated that orally supplemented MCC1274 ( MCC1274) mitigated Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathologies in both 7-month-old mice and wild-type mice; thus, MCC1274 supplementation might potentially prevent the progression of AD. However, the possibility of using this probiotic as a treatment for AD remains unclear. Thus, we investigated the potential therapeutic effects of this probiotic on AD using 17-month-old mice with memory deficits and amyloid beta saturation in the brain.

Effect of single-administration of D-sorbitol pretreatment on the bitterness and continued willingness to take asenapine: a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.

Background: Asenapine has unique orally-related side effects, such as a bitter taste induced by sublingual administration, which often results in discontinuation of the medication. While the FDA has approved black-cherry-flavored asenapine, several countries have prescribed only unflavored versions. Specifically, Asians commonly report experiencing the bitterness of asenapine because they are more sensitive to bitter tastes than other ethnic groups.

Sensory evaluation of the bitterness of asenapine using D-sorbitol pretreatment: single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.

Background: Antipsychotics are essential in the acute treatment of and maintenance therapy for schizophrenia, but medication adherence and long-term treatment continuity are needed to maximize their effectiveness. Each antipsychotic has various side effects, which may affect adherence. Some patients with schizophrenia are reluctant to take asenapine because of its unique oral-related side effects, such as the bitter taste caused by sublingual administration.

Reduction of acetylcholine in the hippocampus of hippocampal cholinergic neurostimulating peptide precursor protein knockout mice.

The cholinergic efferent network from the medial septal nucleus to the hippocampus plays an important role in learning and memory processes. This cholinergic projection can generate theta oscillations in the hippocampus to encode novel information. Hippocampal cholinergic neurostimulating peptide (HCNP), which induces acetylcholine (Ach) synthesis in the medial septal nuclei of an explant culture system, was purified from the soluble fraction of postnatal rat hippocampus.

Early postnatal inhibition of GLAST causes abnormalities of psychobehaviors and neuronal morphology in adult mice.

The importance of glutamate transporters in learning, memory, and emotion remains poorly understood; hence, in the present study, we investigated whether deficiency of pharmacological GLAST in neurodevelopmental processes affects cognitive and/or emotional behaviors in mice. The mice were injected with a glutamate transporter inhibitor, dl-threo-β-benzyloxyaspartate (dl-TBOA), during the early postnatal period. At 8 weeks of age, they showed impairments in cognitive or emotional behaviors; dysfunction of glutamatergic neurotransmission (increased expressions of GLAST, GLT-1, or GFAP protein, and decreased ability of glutamate release) in the cortex or hippocampus; morphological changes (decreased cell size in the cortex and thickness of the pyramidal neuronal layer of the CA1 area in the hippocampus).

Survey of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients with urothelial carcinoma.

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) can cause anorexia, weight loss and deterioration of patient quality of life. It is one of the most unpleasant adverse effects of chemotherapy treatment regimens. For the optimal treatment of gastrointestinal symptoms during urothelial carcinoma chemotherapy, the present study investigated the association between gastrointestinal symptoms and therapeutic effects of gemcitabine plus platinum [cisplatin (GC) or carboplatin (GCa)] therapies.

Tension Sensor Based on Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Reveals Fiber Diameter-Dependent Mechanical Factors During Myelination.

Oligodendrocytes (OLs) form a myelin sheath around neuronal axons to increase conduction velocity of action potential. Although both large and small diameter axons are intermingled in the central nervous system (CNS), the number of myelin wrapping is related to the axon diameter, such that the ratio of the diameter of the axon to that of the entire myelinated-axon unit is optimal for each axon, which is required for exerting higher brain functions. This indicates there are unknown axon diameter-dependent factors that control myelination.

Intravenously delivered multilineage-differentiating stress enduring cells dampen excessive glutamate metabolism and microglial activation in experimental perinatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.

Perinatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) results in serious neurological dysfunction and mortality. Clinical trials of multilineage-differentiating stress enduring cells (Muse cells) have commenced in stroke using intravenous delivery of donor-derived Muse cells. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effects of human Muse cells in an HIE model.

Transplanted Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells Survive in the Brain of a Rat Neonatal White Matter Injury Model but Less Mature in Comparison with the Normal Brain.

Preterm infants have a high risk of neonatal white matter injury (WMI) caused by hypoxia-ischemia. Cell-based therapies are promising strategies for neonatal WMI by providing trophic substances and replacing lost cells. Using a rat model of neonatal WMI in which oligodendrocyte progenitors (OPCs) are predominantly damaged, we investigated whether insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) has trophic effects on OPCs and whether OPC transplantation has potential as a cell replacement therapy.

Social Defeat Stress in Adolescent Mice Induces Depressive-like Behaviors with Reduced Oligodendrogenesis.

Strong stress related to adverse experiences during adolescence can cause mental disorders, as well as affecting brain structure and function. However, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain largely unknown. To investigate whether stress induced by adverse experience during adolescence affects oligodendrocyte (OL) remodeling, social defeat stress was applied to 6-week-old adolescent mice for 10 days, followed by behavioral tests and assessments of oligodendrogenesis.

[Reevaluating the shelf life of sterilized packaged items via a risk-analysis study].

In the hospital, all the reprocessed reusable medical devices (RMD) are conditioned with a sterile barrier system and a protection package and they expire after three months. The objective of this study is to reevaluate this shelf life via a risk-analysis study focusing on the steps whose malfunction can fail RMD sterility. The first step is analysing current conditions of packaging, transportation and storage of RMD.

Efficacy And Safety Of Controlled-Release Oxycodone For The Management Of Moderate-To-Severe Chronic Non-Cancer Pain In Japanese Patients: Results From An Open-Label Study.

Purpose: To assess the efficacy and safety of S-8117, an oral, controlled-release formulation of oxycodone hydrochloride, in Japanese patients with chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP).

Patients And Methods: In this multicenter, non-randomized, open-label, 2-part (part 1, dose-titration followed by maintenance period; part 2, long-term administration period) study at 38 centers in Japan (2013-2015), adult patients with CNCP for ≥12 weeks were administered S-8117. The primary endpoint was proportion of patients with successful maintenance of pain control in part 1 and long-term safety in part 2.

Dynamic Interaction between Cortico-Brainstem Pathways during Training-Induced Recovery in Stroke Model Rats.

Reorganization of residual descending motor circuits underlies poststroke recovery. We previously clarified a causal relationship between the cortico-rubral tract and intensive limb use-induced functional recovery after internal capsule hemorrhage (ICH). However, other descending tracts, such as the cortico-reticular tract, might also be involved in rehabilitation-induced compensation.

Functional roles of the glial glutamate transporter (GLAST) in emotional and cognitive abnormalities of mice after repeated phencyclidine administration.

Alterations of the glutamatergic system components, including N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are relevant to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Repeated phencyclidine (PCP) administration induces several schizophrenia-like psychobehavioral abnormalities and decreases extracellular glutamate levels, which are associated with increased levels of glial glutamate and aspartate transporter (GLAST) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of mice. In the present study, we investigated the functional roles of GLAST in the emotional and cognitive abnormalities in mice following repeated PCP administration by using GLAST heterozygous (+/-) mice, since GLAST mutant mice are a useful tool for elucidating the contribution of glutamate dysfunction to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.

Crystallographic contributions to piezoelectric properties in PZT thin films.

We report on the correlated investigation between macroscopic piezoelectric properties and the microscopic deformation of crystal structures of both epitaxial and polycrystalline Pb(Zr,Ti)O (PZT) thin films grown on MgO and Si substrates, respectively. We observed the reversible elongation and contraction of lattice parameter under an applied electric field using synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The effective piezoelectric coefficients were estimated from the relationship between electric field and field-induced strain, and compared with those characterized by the macroscopic cantilever method.

Blonanserin ameliorates social deficit through dopamine-D receptor antagonism in mice administered phencyclidine as an animal model of schizophrenia.

Blonanserin differs from other antipsychotic drugs, such as risperidone and olanzapine, and exhibits a higher affinity for dopamine-D receptors than for serotonin 5-HT receptors. We investigated the involvement of dopamine-D receptors in the effect of blonanserin on the social deficit observed in an animal model of schizophrenia and sought to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying its action. Mice received phencyclidine (PCP: 10 mg/kg/day, s.

Efficacy and safety of controlled-release oxycodone for the management of moderate-to-severe chronic low back pain in Japan: results of an enriched enrollment randomized withdrawal study followed by an open-label extension study.

Background: Oxycodone is one of the options for the management of CLBP in patients with an inadequate response to other analgesics. However, oxycodone is not yet approved for noncancer pain in Japan. Here, we assessed the efficacy and long-term safety of S-8117, a controlled-release oxycodone formulation, for the management of Japanese CLBP patients.

Efficacy of house dust mite sublingual tablet in the treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis: A randomized trial in a pediatric population.

Background: The efficacy and safety of 300 index of reactivity (IR) tablets of house dust mite (HDM) allergen extracts in Japanese pediatric (5-16 years old) patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) were assessed in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study (JAPIC CTI-152981).

Methods: Patients were randomized 1:1 to HDM sublingual tablets or placebo once daily for 52 weeks. The primary end-point was average adjusted symptom score (AASS; average of daily Rhinitis Total Symptom Scores, comprising sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and nasal pruritus, adjusted for rescue medication use), analyzed during Weeks 48-52 (mixed-effects model for repeated measures).