Multidimensional Sleep Health in Surrogate Decision-Makers of Critically Ill Patients.

Background: Supporting the sleep health of surrogate decision-makers of patients in the intensive care unit is a research priority. However, few studies have approached sleep health as a multidimensional construct, instead focusing on 1 or 2 dimensions in isolation.

Objective: To holistically examine the sleep health (satisfaction, timing, efficiency, duration) of surrogate decision-makers of critically ill patients.

A cross-disease resource of living human microglia identifies disease-enriched subsets and tool compounds recapitulating microglial states.

Human microglia play a pivotal role in neurological diseases, but we still have an incomplete understanding of microglial heterogeneity, which limits the development of targeted therapies directly modulating their state or function. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing to profile 215,680 live human microglia from 74 donors across diverse neurological diseases and CNS regions. We observe a central divide between oxidative and heterocyclic metabolism and identify microglial subsets associated with antigen presentation, motility and proliferation.

Validity and Reliability of the Sickle Cell Self-Efficacy Scale in an Online, Anonymous Sample of Adults Living With Sickle Cell Disease.

The aim of the study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Sickle Cell Self-efficacy Scale (SCSES) in an anonymous, online cohort of adults with sickle cell disease (SCD). The SCSES was completed by 60 adults with SCD. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted.

Sleep Health Composite and Diabetes Symptom Burden in Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.

Introduction: Multiple individual sleep health dimensions (satisfaction, regularity, and duration) are associated with diabetes symptoms, precursors to micro-and macrovascular complications, among young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Nearly half of young adults with T1DM develop vascular complications; however, modifiable contributors of diabetes symptoms, including sleep health, have been understudied.

Methods: This cross-sectional quantitative descriptive study involved the completion of multiple validated self-report questionnaires and the collection of raw continuous glucose monitor and diary data over a 14-day period.

Mental health, substance use, and a composite of sleep health in adults, 2018 Ohio behavioral risk factor surveillance system.

Objectives: Various factors impact sleep health including mental health and substance use. Mental health issues and substance use continue to rise in the United States. Yet, the association between mental health, substance use and sleep health in adults remains unclear.

Dopamine neurons encode trial-by-trial subjective reward value in an auction-like task.

The dopamine reward prediction error signal is known to be subjective but has so far only been assessed in aggregate choices. However, personal choices fluctuate across trials and thus reflect the instantaneous subjective reward value. In the well-established Becker-DeGroot-Marschak (BDM) auction-like mechanism, participants are encouraged to place bids that accurately reveal their instantaneous subjective reward value; inaccurate bidding results in suboptimal reward ("incentive compatibility").

African American Family Caregivers' Experiences and Mental Health: A Convergent Mixed-Methods Study.

Background: Caregiving in the African American community is informed by strong cultural expectations but may be associated with negative experiences and poor mental health outcomes.

Objective: The purpose of this convergent mixed-methods study is to understand the relationship between caregiving experiences and mental health and explore stress management strategies in African American family caregivers of adults with chronic or disabling conditions.

Methods: African American family caregivers (N = 100) were recruited using community-engaged methods and completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Caregiver Reaction Assessment scale, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D-10) Scale.

The Dawn of a New Pharmaceutical Epoch: Can AI and Robotics Reshape Drug Formulation?

Over the last four decades, pharmaceutical companies' expenditures on research and development have increased 51-fold. During this same time, clinical success rates for new drugs have remained unchanged at about 10 percent, predominantly due to lack of efficacy and/or safety concerns. This persistent problem underscores the need to innovate across the entire drug development process, particularly in drug formulation, which is often deprioritized and under-resourced.

Psychometric Evaluation of the Decision Fatigue Scale among Korean Registered Nurses.

Nurses make decision for patients and the quality of nurses' decision making can affect patient outcomes. For some reason, nurses are experiencing impaired decision making and it can negatively impact patient care. A valid and reliable instrument to assess decision fatigue may let people know about the concept and guide the development of new policies or interventions for Korean nurses' decision fatigue.

Multi-omic analysis of Huntington's disease reveals a compensatory astrocyte state.

The mechanisms underlying the selective regional vulnerability to neurodegeneration in Huntington's disease (HD) have not been fully defined. To explore the role of astrocytes in this phenomenon, we used single-nucleus and bulk RNAseq, lipidomics, HTT gene CAG repeat-length measurements, and multiplexed immunofluorescence on HD and control post-mortem brains. We identified genes that correlated with CAG repeat length, which were enriched in astrocyte genes, and lipidomic signatures that implicated poly-unsaturated fatty acids in sensitizing neurons to cell death.

Monitoring Daily Sleep, Mood, and Affect Using Digital Technologies and Wearables: A Systematic Review.

Sleep and affective states are closely intertwined. Nevertheless, previous methods to evaluate sleep-affect associations have been limited by poor ecological validity, with a few studies examining temporal or dynamic interactions in naturalistic settings. First, to update and integrate evidence from studies investigating the reciprocal relationship between daily sleep and affective phenomena (mood, affect, and emotions) through ambulatory and prospective monitoring.

Delocalized, asynchronous, closed-loop discovery of organic laser emitters.

Contemporary materials discovery requires intricate sequences of synthesis, formulation, and characterization that often span multiple locations with specialized expertise or instrumentation. To accelerate these workflows, we present a cloud-based strategy that enabled delocalized and asynchronous design-make-test-analyze cycles. We showcased this approach through the exploration of molecular gain materials for organic solid-state lasers as a frontier application in molecular optoelectronics.

Liquid biopsy-based circulating tumour (ct)DNA analysis of a spectrum of myeloid and lymphoid malignancies yields clinically actionable results.

Aims: Liquid biopsy (LBx)-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) of circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) can facilitate molecular profiling of haematopoietic neoplasms (HNs), particularly when tissue-based NGS is infeasible.

Methods And Results: We studied HN LBx samples tested with FoundationOne Liquid CDx, FoundationOne Liquid, or FoundationACT between July 2016 and March 2022. We identified 271 samples: 89 non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), 43 plasma-cell neoplasm (PCN), 41 histiocytoses, 27 myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), 25 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), 22 myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), 14 Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), and 10 acute myeloid leukaemia (AML).

Rapid, high-throughput, cost-effective whole-genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 using a condensed library preparation of the Illumina DNA Prep kit.

Unlabelled: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic necessitates cost-effective, high-throughput, and timely whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viruses for outbreak investigations, identifying variants of concern (VoC), characterizing vaccine breakthrough infections, and public health surveillance. In addition, the enormous demand for WGS on supply chains and the resulting shortages of laboratory supplies necessitated the use of low-reagent and low-consumable methods. Here, we report an optimized library preparation method (the BCCDC cutdown method) that can be used in a high-throughput scenario, where one technologist can perform 576 library preparations (6 plates of 96 samples) over the course of one 8-hour shift.

Data-driven development of an oral lipid-based nanoparticle formulation of a hydrophobic drug.

Due to its cost-effectiveness, convenience, and high patient adherence, oral drug administration normally remains the preferred approach. Yet, the effective delivery of hydrophobic drugs via the oral route is often hindered by their limited water solubility and first-pass metabolism. To mitigate these challenges, advanced delivery systems such as solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have been developed to encapsulate hydrophobic drugs and enhance their bioavailability.

Use and Impact of Simulation in Family Caregiver Education: A Systematic Review.

Background: Involving family caregivers in a team-based approach has become increasingly important. Simulation-based interventions in nursing have been effective. However, the effect of simulation on family caregiver education is not widely known and is limited.

Revolutionizing drug formulation development: The increasing impact of machine learning.

Over the past few years, the adoption of machine learning (ML) techniques has rapidly expanded across many fields of research including formulation science. At the same time, the use of lipid nanoparticles to enable the successful delivery of mRNA vaccines in the recent COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the impact of formulation science. Yet, the design of advanced pharmaceutical formulations is non-trivial and primarily relies on costly and time-consuming wet-lab experimentation.

Multi-OMIC analysis of Huntington disease reveals a neuroprotective astrocyte state.

Huntington disease (HD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease characterized by neuronal loss and astrogliosis. One hallmark of HD is the selective neuronal vulnerability of striatal medium spiny neurons. To date, the underlying mechanisms of this selective vulnerability have not been fully defined.

Brain tumors in United States military veterans.

Background: Comprehensive analysis of brain tumor incidence and survival in the Veteran population has been lacking.

Methods: Veteran data were obtained from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Medical Centers via VHA Corporate Data Warehouse. Brain tumor statistics on the overall US population were generated from the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the US data.

Environmental exposures and blood pressure in adolescents and adults in the T1D exchange clinic registry.

Aims: To examine the associations between environmental determinants of health and blood pressure and whether age, sex, or race moderated the associations among 18,754 adolescents and adults from the type 1 diabetes (T1D) Exchange Clinic Registry.

Methods: We used multivariable linear regression. Environmental determinants included exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM, obtained from an integrated model), nitrogen dioxide (NO), noise and light pollution, and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI, a marker of green space) at the ZIP code level of residence.

Internet-Based Recruitment and Retention of Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Multiple research strategies are required to recruit and engage a representative cohort of young adults in diabetes research. In this report, we describe an approach for internet-based recruitment for a repeated-measures descriptive study.

Objective: The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine whether internet-based recruitment through multiple social media platforms, a clinical research platform, and cooperation with community partnerships-College Diabetes Network and Beyond Type 1-would serve as an effective way to recruit a representative sample of young adults aged 18-25 years with type 1 diabetes (T1D).