Wallace's line structures seagrass microbiota and is a potential barrier to the dispersal of marine bacteria.

Background: The processes that shape microbial biogeography are not well understood, and concepts that apply to macroorganisms, like dispersal barriers, may not affect microorganisms in the same predictable ways. To better understand how known macro-scale biogeographic processes can be applied at micro-scales, we examined seagrass associated microbiota on either side of Wallace's line to determine the influence of this cryptic dispersal boundary on the community structure of microorganisms. Communities were examined from twelve locations throughout Indonesia on either side of this theoretical line.

Ten simple rules for leading a successful undergraduate-intensive research lab.

Participating in mentored research is an enormous benefit to undergraduate students. These immersive experiences can dramatically improve retention and completion rates, especially for students from traditionally underserved populations in STEM disciplines. Scientists typically do not receive any formal training in management or group dynamics before taking on the role of a lab head.

Advancing Auditory Processing by Detecting Frequency-Following Responses Through a Specialized Machine Learning Model.

In this study, we explore the feasibility and performance of detecting scalp-recorded frequency-following responses (FFRs) with a specialized machine learning (ML) model. By leveraging the strengths of feature extraction of the source separation non-negative matrix factorization (SSNMF) algorithm and its adeptness in handling limited training data, we adapted the SSNMF algorithm into a specialized ML model with a hybrid architecture to enhance FFR detection amidst background noise. We recruited 40 adults with normal hearing and evoked their scalp recorded FFRs using the English vowel/i/with a rising pitch contour.

A "Patient Preference" Model of Recruitment for Research from Primary-Care-Based Memory Clinics: A Promising New Approach.

Recruiting persons with dementia for clinical trials can be challenging. Building on a guide initially developed to assist primary-care-based memory clinics in their efforts to support research, a key stakeholder working group meeting was held to develop a standardized research recruitment process, with input from patients, care partners, researchers, and clinicians. Discussions in this half-day facilitated meeting focused on the wishes and needs of patients and care partners, policy and procedures for researchers, information provided to patients, and considerations for memory clinics.

The core mangrove microbiome reveals shared taxa potentially involved in nutrient cycling and promoting host survival.

Background: Microbes have fundamental roles underpinning the functioning of our planet, they are involved in global carbon and nutrient cycling, and support the existence of multicellular life. The mangrove ecosystem is nutrient limited and if not for microbial cycling of nutrients, life in this harsh environment would likely not exist. The mangroves of Southeast Asia are the oldest and most biodiverse on the planet, and serve vital roles helping to prevent shoreline erosion, act as nursery grounds for many marine species and sequester carbon.

Identification of key opportunities for optimising the management of high-risk COPD patients in the UK using the CONQUEST quality standards: an observational longitudinal study.

Background: This study compared management of high-risk COPD patients in the UK to national and international management recommendations and quality standards, including the COllaboratioN on QUality improvement initiative for achieving Excellence in STandards of COPD care (CONQUEST). The primary comparison was in 2019, but trends from 2000 to 2019 were also examined.

Methods: Patients identified in the Optimum Patient Care Research Database were categorised as newly diagnosed (≤12 months after diagnosis), already diagnosed, and potential COPD (smokers having exacerbation-like events).

Comparison of COPD primary care in England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.

Currently the National Asthma and COPD audit programme (NACAP) only undertakes audit of COPD primary care in Wales due to its near complete data coverage. We aimed to determine if the quality of COPD primary care in the other UK nations is comparable with Wales. We found that English, Scottish, and Northern Irish practices were significantly worse than Welsh practices at recording coded lung function parameters used in COPD diagnosis (ORs: 0.

Pancreatic cystic lesions and the role of contrast enhanced endoscopic ultrasound.

An exponential rise in the use of cross-sectional imaging has led to an increase in the incidental identification of pancreatic cystic lesions (PCL); however, with many subtypes defined to date and heterogeneous morphology with often absent defining radiological features, PCLs present a diagnostic challenge. Computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) alone are frequently not sufficient to provide accurate characterisation. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has an important role in the evaluation and classification of PCLs through its ability to define the internal architecture, which is further enhanced by the use of contrast medium.

Influence of the first wave of COVID-19 on asthma inhaler prescriptions.

In the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there were major concerns regarding the huge demand for asthma inhalers. Using the primary-care medical records for 614,700 asthma patients between January and June 2020, we found that there was a substantial increase in inhalers solely in March 2020. Patients significantly associated with receiving higher inhaled corticosteroid prescriptions were younger, of higher socioeconomic status, and had milder asthma.

Evaluating liability in the supervising physician, PA, and employer relationship.

Emerging case law demonstrates that physicians who collaborate with physician assistants (PAs), as well as the entity that employs the physician and PA, are facing allegations of liability. The allegations of liability arise from the actions of the PA, inaction of the physician, and failure to meet the regulatory requirements for the oversight of PA practice. In some instances, the physician and employer struggle to meet the complex state regulatory requirements that govern the relationship(s) between the PA and the physician.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided neurolysis in advanced pancreatic cancer: current status.

Pancreatic cancer has a very poor prognosis with patients often presenting with locally advanced, inoperable or metastatic disease. A significant proportion of patients have visceral pain due to perineural infiltration or coeliac plexus involvement by the tumour. This pain is difficult to control and may become refractory to conventional pain management.

Flying too close to the sun: Navigating changes to CMS' Open Payments program.

Increasingly, physician assistants (PAs), advanced practice nurses, and physicians are financially involved with healthcare product manufacturers. Although the relationships themselves might not be illegal, when the transaction influences the healthcare provider's medical decision-making, patients can be harmed and the healthcare provider and manufacturer can face accusations of violating federal and state law. In 2019, the federal government recouped $2.

Risk Predictors and Symptom Features of Long COVID Within a Broad Primary Care Patient Population Including Both Tested and Untested Patients.

Introduction: Symptoms may persist after the initial phases of COVID-19 infection, a phenomenon termed long COVID. Current knowledge on long COVID has been mostly derived from test-confirmed and hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Data are required on the burden and predictors of long COVID in a broader patient group, which includes both tested and untested COVID-19 patients in primary care.

Predictors of pulmonary rehabilitation completion in the UK.

Introduction: Pulmonary rehabilitation has been shown to improve dyspnoea, fatigue, quality of life and exercise capacity in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Our aim was to determine the characteristics of people with COPD associated with completion of pulmonary rehabilitation.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of 7060 people with COPD enrolled in pulmonary rehabilitation between January 1, 2017 and March 31, 2017.

Preoperative diagnosis of intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct with endoscopic ultrasound.

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the bile duct is a rare tumour only recently classified as a distinct pathological entity. These neoplasms, rarely encountered in clinical practice in the UK, are now considered to be important precursors for the development of cholangiocarcinoma. We present a histologically confirmed case of intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct in a male patient and discuss the main radiographic manifestations of this rare condition across multiple imaging modalities, with an emphasis on the imaging features of endoscopic ultrasonography and its role in establishing the diagnosis.

Qualitative Study of Practices and Challenges of Stepping Down Asthma Medication in Primary Care Across the UK.

Background: Guidelines recommend that asthma treatment should be stepped down to the minimally effective dose that achieves symptom control to prevent medication side effects and reduce unnecessary costs. Little is known about the practice of stepping down and the challenges in primary care, where most asthma patients are managed.

Objective: To explore views, experiences, barriers and ideas, of doctors, nurses and pharmacists working in primary care, related to step down of asthma medication.

Development of an integrated rehabilitation pathway for individuals recovering from COVID-19 in the community.

Objective: COVID-19 is a multisystem illness that has considerable long-term physical, psychological, cognitive, social and vocational sequelae in survivors. Given the scale of this burden and lockdown measures in most countries, there is a need for an integrated rehabilitation pathway using a tele-medicine approach to screen and manage these sequelae in a systematic and efficient way.

Methods: A multidisciplinary team of professionals in the UK developed a comprehensive pragmatic telephone screening tool, the COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Screen (C19-YRS), and an integrated rehabilitation pathway, which spans the acute hospital trust, community trust and primary care service within the National Health Service (NHS) service model.

Image-Based Analysis of Protein Stability.

Short half-life proteins regulate many essential processes, including cell cycle, transcription, and apoptosis. However, few well-characterized protein-turnover pathways have been identified because traditional methods to measure protein half-life are time and labor intensive. To overcome this barrier, we developed a protein stability probe and high-content screening pipeline for novel regulators of short half-life proteins using automated image analysis.

Dasatinib-induced Chylothorax in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia in Pediatric Patient: Report of a Case and Review of Literature.

Dasatinib is a second-generation potent and efficacious oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor frequently used for imatinib-resistant or intolerant BCR-ABL-positive chronic myeloid leukemia and for Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphocytic leukemia. Dasatinib is known to cause adverse pulmonary events such as chylothorax and has been described in the adult literature but not pediatric literature. The authors present a pediatric case of dasatinib-related chylothorax, subsequent management, and a review of the literature of adult cases with dasatinib-related chylothorax.

An Assay to Study Intra-Chromosomal Deletions in Yeast.

An accurate DNA damage response pathway is critical for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Repair may occur by homologous recombination, of which many different sub-pathways have been identified. Some recombination pathways are conservative, meaning that the chromosome sequences are preserved, and others are non-conservative, leading to some alteration of the DNA sequence.