A dataset examining technical factors on fixed white blood cell single-cell RNA-seq.

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a powerful technology that enables the measurement of gene expression in individual cells. Such precision provides insights into cellular heterogeneity that bulk methods might overlook. Fragile cells, in particular neutrophils, have posed significant challenges for scRNA-Seq due to their fragility, high RNase content and consequent loss during cryopreservation.

Unveiling Factors Influencing Mortality in Irish Hip Fracture Patients: A Comprehensive Five-Year Analysis.

Background: Hip fractures impose a substantial healthcare burden, contributing to increased morbidity, disability, and mortality. The Irish Hip Fracture Standards (IHFS) were officially employed in 2017, providing specialized pathways for hip fracture care to improve patient outcomes. This study evaluated the performance of our unit regarding hip fracture care and analyzed individual outcome parameters.

Case Report: Effects of Environmental Smoke Exposure on Respiratory Conditions-A Report of an Aboriginal Man Fire Hunting for Mud Turtles in the Top End, Northern Territory of Australia.

Environmental smoke has been shown to have significant associations with both causation and exacerbation of respiratory conditions. Aboriginal Australians in the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia are disproportionately affected by respiratory illness in comparison with non-Aboriginal Australians. Traditionally, Aboriginal communities have utilized fire for multiple purposes, such as land management practices, cultural ceremonies, hunting, and cooking.

Diagnostic test accuracy of screening tools for the detection of neurocognitive disorders in older adults post-trauma: A protocol for a systematic review.

Background: Neurocognitive disorders (NCDs), including delirium, cognitive impairment, or dementia are prevalent in up to 39% of older adults in acute care, particularly older trauma patients. Undiagnosed NCDs result in poor outcomes, such as increased incidence of depressive symptoms, longer length of stay, and mortality.

Objective: This study aims to identify the diagnostic test accuracy of screening tools for the detection of NCDs in older trauma patients in acute settings.

Local administration of regulatory T cells promotes tissue healing.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are crucial immune cells for tissue repair and regeneration. However, their potential as a cell-based regenerative therapy is not yet fully understood. Here, we show that local delivery of exogenous Tregs into injured mouse bone, muscle, and skin greatly enhances tissue healing.

Transfer to community and prison mental health care from Ireland's main remand prison over three years: 2015-2017.

Background: The post-release period is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have identified deficits in pre-release planning for mentally ill people in prison, particularly in remand settings.

Objectives: We aimed to determine the proportion of mentally ill people in Ireland's main remand prison who were referred for mental health follow up in community and prison settings, who achieved face to face contact with the receiving service.

Tregs delivered post-myocardial infarction adopt an injury-specific phenotype promoting cardiac repair via macrophages in mice.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key immune regulators that have shown promise in enhancing cardiac repair post-MI, although the mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show that rapidly increasing Treg number in the circulation post-MI via systemic administration of exogenous Tregs improves cardiac function in male mice, by limiting cardiomyocyte death and reducing fibrosis. Mechanistically, exogenous Tregs quickly home to the infarcted heart and adopt an injury-specific transcriptome that mediates repair by modulating monocytes/macrophages.

An Investigation of Mucosal Leishmaniasis in the Military Health System.

Leishmaniasis is a protozoal infection with an increased risk of transmission to those serving in the U.S. Military due to theaters of operation in endemic regions.

Measuring the Interprofessional Health of the Pediatric Cardiovascular Operating Room Work Environment.

Introduction: Pediatric cardiac surgery is complex and has significant risk, requiring interprofessional teamwork for optimal outcomes. Unhealthy work environments have been linked to poor patient outcomes, staff dissatisfaction, and intention to leave. We describe the interprofessional health of pediatric cardiovascular operating room (CVOR) work environments in the United States and the establishment of a healthy work environment (HWE) benchmark score.

Experiences of Deployed Physicians in Support of Operation Allies Refuge/Operation Allies Welcome: Lessons to Inform Improvements in Training.

Introduction: Stability operations, including humanitarian assistance and disaster relief missions, are key functions of U.S. Military medicine and the Military Medical Humanitarian Assistance Course (MMHAC) is a 2-day course widely used to prepare military medical personnel for such missions.

The Voice of Travel Nurses: Facilitating Effective Staffing During Pandemic and Expansion-Related Demands in a Children's Hospital.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the experience and perceived value of travel nurses in a children's hospital.

Background: Children's hospitals face unique challenges related to highly specialized care requirements and workforce expansion limitations. Travel nurses can augment nurse staffing capacity during times of intense demand and may offer insights as organizations seek to strengthen work environments.

A risk-reward examination of sample multiplexing reagents for single cell RNA-Seq.

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) has emerged as a powerful tool for understanding cellular heterogeneity and function. However the choice of sample multiplexing reagents can impact data quality and experimental outcomes. In this study, we compared various multiplexing reagents, including MULTI-Seq, Hashtag antibody, and CellPlex, across diverse sample types such as human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), mouse embryonic brain and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs).

No Place Like Home: Improving the Transition From NICU to Home Through the NICU to Nursery Program.

Background: Boston Children's Hospital's Level IV Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) discharges about a third of its medically complex infants home. Parental feedback indicated a need for more education and training in discharge preparation.

Purpose: The NICU to Nursery (N2N) program was created to better prepare parents to care for their medically complex infants following Level IV NICU discharge.

Piloting delivery of PfSPZ vaccines for malaria through a cryogenic vaccine cold chain to travel and military medicine clinics.

Background: PfSPZ vaccines comprising Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoites (SPZ) have demonstrated > 90% protection against variant Pf malaria infections for at least 12 weeks; they are the only vaccines with the level of efficacy necessary to protect travellers. PfSPZ are eukaryotic cells stabilized by cryopreservation and distributed using a cryogenic (below -150 °C) cold chain. The Ebola vaccine and mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 pioneered uptake of vaccines requiring non-standard ultra-low temperature cold chains.

Phase 1 trial supports safety and mechanism of action of peptide immunotherapy for peanut allergy.

Background: Food allergy is a leading cause of anaphylaxis worldwide. Allergen-specific immunotherapy is the only treatment shown to modify the natural history of allergic disease, but application to food allergy has been hindered by risk of severe allergic reactions and short-lived efficacy. Allergen-derived peptides could provide a solution.

Access to Healthcare and Unmet Needs in the Canadian Lesbian-Gay-Bisexual Population.

Individuals who identify as a sexual minority, including those who are lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB), face barriers to healthcare as well as increased discrimination, stigmatization, and negative experiences during healthcare use. Further, few healthcare providers have education and training focused on the specific healthcare needs of individuals who are part of a sexual minority group. Given the limited research on Canadian healthcare access for sexual minorities, our purpose was to use data ( > 2,800) from the 2015-16 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) to investigate the perceptions of healthcare access for LGB and non-LGB Canadians.

Benchmarking single-cell hashtag oligo demultiplexing methods.

Sample multiplexing is often used to reduce cost and limit batch effects in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) experiments. A commonly used multiplexing technique involves tagging cells prior to pooling with a hashtag oligo (HTO) that can be sequenced along with the cells' RNA to determine their sample of origin. Several tools have been developed to demultiplex HTO sequencing data and assign cells to samples.

Men placed on waiting lists for psychiatric admission from Irish Prisons over five years: Clinical outcomes during a forensic "bed crisis".

Background: Ireland has low provision rates of general and forensic beds compared with other western countries. In recent years there have been difficulties and delays in accessing forensic beds for prisoners with severe mental illness.

Aims: We aimed to determine clinical outcomes for male prisoners assessed as requiring psychiatric admission over an extended period, with time frames for admission and other outcomes.

A three-stage developmental pathway for human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells within the postnatal thymus.

Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are the largest population of γδ T cells in adults and can play important roles in providing effective immunity against cancer and infection. Many studies have suggested that peripheral Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are derived from the fetal liver and thymus and that the postnatal thymus plays little role in the development of these cells. More recent evidence suggested that these cells may also develop postnatally in the thymus.

Factors Associated With Viral Suppression and Drug Resistance in Children and Adolescents Living With HIV in Care and Treatment Programs in Southern Tanzania.

Background: Achieving viral suppression (VS) for persons living with HIV is key to reaching epidemic control. We assessed the prevalence of VS and the frequency of HIV drug resistance mutations (HIVDRM) among children and adolescents living with HIV (CALHIV) in the Southern Highland zone of Tanzania.

Methods: From 2019 to 2021, we enrolled CALHIV aged 1-19 years on ART for >6 months in a cross-sectional study.

Evaluating Intersite Consistency Across 11 Geographically Distinct Pediatric Clerkship Training Sites: Providing Assurance That Educational Comparability Is Possible.

Introduction: We compared core pediatric clerkship student assessments across 11 geographically distinct learning environments following a major curriculum change. We sought to determine if intersite consistency existed, which can be used as a marker of program evaluation success.

Methods: We evaluated students' overall pediatric clerkship performance along with individual assessments that target our clerkship learning objectives.

Modeling group heteroscedasticity in single-cell RNA-seq pseudo-bulk data.

Group heteroscedasticity is commonly observed in pseudo-bulk single-cell RNA-seq datasets and its presence can hamper the detection of differentially expressed genes. Since most bulk RNA-seq methods assume equal group variances, we introduce two new approaches that account for heteroscedastic groups, namely voomByGroup and voomWithQualityWeights using a blocked design (voomQWB). Compared to current gold-standard methods that do not account for group heteroscedasticity, we show results from simulations and various experiments that demonstrate the superior performance of voomByGroup and voomQWB in terms of error control and power when group variances in pseudo-bulk single-cell RNA-seq data are unequal.