The Structure, Function, and Adaptation of Lower-Limb Aponeuroses: Implications for Myo-Aponeurotic Injury.

The aponeurosis is a large fibrous connective tissue structure within and surrounding skeletal muscle and is a critical component of the muscle-tendon unit (MTU). Due to the lack of consensus on terminology and the heterogeneous nature of the aponeurosis between MTUs, there are several questions that remain unanswered. For example, the aponeurosis is often conflated with the free tendon rather than being considered an independent structure.

mRNA-LNPs induce immune activation and cytokine release in human whole blood assays across diverse health conditions.

RNA medicines have become a promising platform for therapeutic use in recent years. Understanding the immunomodulatory effects of novel mRNA-lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) is crucial for future therapeutic development. An in vitro whole blood assay was developed to assess the impact of mRNA-LNPs on immune cell function, cytokine release, and complement activation.

Ex vivo expansion and hydrogel-mediated in vivo delivery of tissue-resident memory T cells for immunotherapy.

Tissue-resident memory T (T) cells preferentially reside in peripheral tissues, serving as key players in tumor immunity and immunotherapy. The lack of effective approaches for expanding T cells and delivering these cells in vivo hinders the exploration of T cell-mediated cancer immunotherapy. Here, we report a nanoparticle artificial antigen-presenting cell (nano-aAPC) ex vivo expansion approach and an in vivo delivery system for T cells.

Associations Between Instrumented Mouthguard-Measured Head Acceleration Events and Post-Match Biomarkers of Astroglial and Axonal Injury in Male Amateur Australian Football Players.

Background: Advances in instrumented mouthguards (iMGs) allow for accurate quantification of single high-acceleration head impacts and cumulative head acceleration exposure in collision sports. However, relationships between these measures and risk of brain cell injury remain unclear.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to quantify measures of non-concussive head impact exposure and assess their association with blood glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light (NfL) and phosphorylated-tau-181 (p-tau-181) levels in male Australian football players.

Microstructural Thermal Zones in Reaction of Nanoenergetics.

Despite the potential of nanoenergetics as promising energy sources with high energy densities and fast energy release, our limited ability to predict combustion speeds restricts the utilization of nanoenergetics. Here, we provide a comprehensive analysis of thermal microstructures subject to heterogeneous reactions and propose a new scaling for combustion wave speeds. To control reaction heterogeneity, two different particle interfacial morphologies of physically mixed and core-shell Al/CuO nanoparticles were synthesized.

Innovating clinical nursing education using virtual technology to combat the effects of COVID-19: A qualitative study.

Background: At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing effects halted in-person clinical placements in nursing programs at all Canadian universities. To mitigate educational disruption, clinical practicums were pivoted to online delivery, despite knowledge gaps on the perspectives of nursing students and community liaisons on using virtual technology to facilitate clinical placements.

Objective: Accordingly, we explored the impact of using innovative virtual technology to combat the social distancing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on students' and community liaisons' experiences in a clinical community health nursing course.

Best Practices in the Nursing Care of Patients With Injuries From Violence: An Integrative Review.

Background: The number of patients who have experienced violence is increasing worldwide. These patients have specific psychosocial and forensic needs and can present unique challenges to the health care workers caring for them.

Objective: To identify best practices for the care of patients with injuries from violence in the emergency department or inpatient setting.

Overcoming Barriers to Remission in Severe Eosinophilic Asthma: Two-Year Real-World Data With Benralizumab.

Background: Benralizumab has been reported to lead to clinical remission of severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) at 1 year in some patients. However, whether this is maintained over a longer term remains unclear. Additionally, the impact of pulmonary and extrapulmonary comorbidities on the ability to meet remission is poorly understood.

SEraster: a rasterization preprocessing framework for scalable spatial omics data analysis.

Motivation: Spatial omics data demand computational analysis but many analysis tools have computational resource requirements that increase with the number of cells analyzed. This presents scalability challenges as researchers use spatial omics technologies to profile millions of cells.

Results: To enhance the scalability of spatial omics data analysis, we developed a rasterization preprocessing framework called SEraster that aggregates cellular information into spatial pixels.

A scoping review of patient and public involvement in empirical stroke research.

Background: Impactful, evidence-based solutions in surveillance, prevention, acute care, and rehabilitation for stroke survivors are required to address the high global burden of stroke. Patient and public involvement (PPI), where patients, their families, and the public are actively involved as research partners, enhances the relevance, credibility, and impact of stroke-related research.

Aims: This scoping review, adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) Scoping Review guidelines, aims to identify and summarize how PPI is currently implemented and reported in empirical stroke research using a participatory approach.

Human BioMolecular Atlas Program (HuBMAP): 3D Human Reference Atlas Construction and Usage.

The Human BioMolecular Atlas Program (HuBMAP) aims to construct a reference 3D structural, cellular, and molecular atlas of the healthy adult human body. The HuBMAP Data Portal (https://portal.hubmapconsortium.

Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation by Cannabidiol (CBD): Promising Targets for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and the most common form of dementia globally. Although the direct cause of AD remains under debate, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are critical components in its pathogenesis and progression. As a result, compounds like cannabidiol (CBD) are being increasingly investigated for their ability to provide antioxidant and anti-inflammatory neuroprotection.

Adaptive Discretization for Event PredicTion (ADEPT).

Recently developed survival analysis methods improve upon existing approaches by predicting the probability of event occurrence in each of a number pre-specified (discrete) time intervals. By avoiding placing strong parametric assumptions on the event density, this approach tends to improve prediction performance, particularly when data are plentiful. However, in clinical settings with limited available data, it is often preferable to judiciously partition the event time space into a limited number of intervals well suited to the prediction task at hand.

Integrating multiplexed imaging and multiscale modeling identifies tumor phenotype conversion as a critical component of therapeutic T cell efficacy.

Cancer progression is a complex process involving interactions that unfold across molecular, cellular, and tissue scales. These multiscale interactions have been difficult to measure and to simulate. Here, we integrated CODEX multiplexed tissue imaging with multiscale modeling software to model key action points that influence the outcome of T cell therapies with cancer.

Spatially Segregated Macrophage Populations Predict Distinct Outcomes in Colon Cancer.

Tumor-associated macrophages are transcriptionally heterogeneous, but the spatial distribution and cell interactions that shape macrophage tissue roles remain poorly characterized. Here, we spatially resolve five distinct human macrophage populations in normal and malignant human breast and colon tissue and reveal their cellular associations. This spatial map reveals that distinct macrophage populations reside in spatially segregated micro-environmental niches with conserved cellular compositions that are repeated across healthy and diseased tissue.

In Vivo Stimulation of Therapeutic Antigen-Specific T Cells in an Artificial Lymph Node Matrix.

T cells are critical mediators of antigen-specific immune responses and are common targets for immunotherapy. Biomaterial scaffolds have previously been used to stimulate antigen-presenting cells to elicit antigen-specific immune responses; however, structural and molecular features that directly stimulate and expand naïve, endogenous, tumor-specific T cells in vivo have not been defined. Here, an artificial lymph node (aLN) matrix is created, which consists of an extracellular matrix hydrogel conjugated with peptide-loaded-MHC complex (Signal 1), the co-stimulatory signal anti-CD28 (Signal 2), and a tethered IL-2 (Signal 3), that can bypass challenges faced by other approaches to activate T cells in situ such as vaccines.

Harmonizing the Generation and Pre-publication Stewardship of FAIR bioimage data.

Together with the molecular knowledge of genes and proteins, biological images promise to significantly enhance the scientific understanding of complex cellular systems and to advance predictive and personalized therapeutic products for human health. For this potential to be realized, quality-assured bioimage data must be shared among labs at a global scale to be compared, pooled, and reanalyzed, thus unleashing untold potential beyond the original purpose for which the data was generated. There are two broad sets of requirements to enable bioimage data sharing in the life sciences.

Building in vitro tools for livestock genomics: chromosomal variation within the PK15 cell line.

Background: Cultured porcine cell lines are powerful tools for functional genomics and in vitro phenotypic testing of candidate causal variants. However, to be utilised for genomic or variant interrogation assays, the genome sequence and structure of cultured cell lines must be realised. In this work, we called variants and used read coverage in combination with within-sample allele frequency to detect potential aneuploidy in two immortalised porcine kidney epithelial (PK15) cell lines and in a pig embryonic fibroblast line.

Integrating Multiplexed Imaging and Multiscale Modeling Identifies Tumor Phenotype Transformation as a Critical Component of Therapeutic T Cell Efficacy.

Cancer progression is a complex process involving interactions that unfold across molecular, cellular, and tissue scales. These multiscale interactions have been difficult to measure and to simulate. Here we integrated CODEX multiplexed tissue imaging with multiscale modeling software, to model key action points that influence the outcome of T cell therapies with cancer.

Viral Respiratory Epidemic Modeling of Societal Segregation Based on Vaccination Status.

Background: Societal segregation of unvaccinated people from public spaces has been a novel and controversial coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-era public health practice in many countries. Models exploring potential consequences of vaccination-status-based segregation have not considered how segregation influences the contact frequencies in the segregated groups. We systematically investigate implementing effects of segregation on population-specific contact frequencies and show this critically determines the predicted epidemiological outcomes, focusing on the attack rates in the vaccinated and unvaccinated populations and the share of infections among vaccinated people that were due to contacts with infectious unvaccinated people.

T cell-mediated curation and restructuring of tumor tissue coordinates an effective immune response.

Antigen-specific T cells traffic to, are influenced by, and create unique cellular microenvironments. Here we characterize these microenvironments over time with multiplexed imaging in a melanoma model of adoptive T cell therapy and human patients with melanoma treated with checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Multicellular neighborhood analysis reveals dynamic immune cell infiltration and inflamed tumor cell neighborhoods associated with CD8 T cells.