A user-friendly deep learning application for accurate lung cancer diagnosis.

Background: Accurate diagnosis and subsequent delineated treatment planning require the experience of clinicians in the handling of their case numbers. However, applying deep learning in image processing is useful in creating tools that promise faster high-quality diagnoses, but the accuracy and precision of 3-D image processing from 2-D data may be limited by factors such as superposition of organs, distortion and magnification, and detection of new pathologies. The purpose of this research is to use radiomics and deep learning to develop a tool for lung cancer diagnosis.

Assessment of breast dose and cancer risk for young females during CT chest and abdomen examinations.

CT scanning deliver much higher radiation doses than planar radiological procedures, which puts patients to high risks. This study measures and evaluates patient doses during chest and abdomen computed tomography procedures. Particular attention is given to measuring the dose to the equivalent breast (mSv) and to estimate the associated risks of breast cancer to young female patients (15-35 years).

Dosimetric and radiobiological comparison in head-and-neck radiotherapy using JO-IMRT and 3D-CRT.

Introduction: Dosimetric and radiobiological evaluations for the Jaws-only Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (JO-IMRT) technique for head and neck jaws-only intensity-modulated radiation therapy (JO-IMRT) and 3D conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT). To compare the head-and-neck therapeutic approaches utilizing JO-IMRT and 3D-CRT techniques, different radiation dose indices were calculated, including: conformity index (CI), homogeneity index (HI), and radiobiological variables like Niemierko's equivalent uniform dose based tumor control probability (TCP) of planning target volume (PTV), normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) of organs at risk (OAR) (brainstem, spinal cord, and parotid grand).

Materials And Methods: Twenty-five nasopharynx patients were studied using the Prowess Panther Treatment Planning System (Prowess Inc).

Elimination of biological and physical artifacts in abdomen and brain computed tomography procedures using filtering techniques.

Introduction: Medical images are usually affected by biological and physical artifacts or noise, which reduces image quality and hence poses difficulties in visual analysis, interpretation and thus requires higher doses and increased radiographs repetition rate.

Objectives: This study aims at assessing image quality during CT abdomen and brain examinations using filtering techniques as well as estimating the radiogenic risk associated with CT abdomen and brain examinations.

Materials And Methods: The data were collected from the Radiology Department at Royal Care International (RCI) Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan.

Estimation of patient effective doses in PET/CT- F-Sodium Fluoride examinations.

The positron emitters (F-Sodium Fluoride (NaF)) and X-rays used in Positron emission tomography (PET) combined with computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging have a high radiation dose, which results in a high patient dose. The present research intends to determine the radiation dose and risks associated with PET/CT- 18F-Sodium fluoride examinations in patients. The 18F-NaF PET/CT was used to investigate the doses of 86 patients.

Radiobiological effects and medical applications of non-ionizing radiation.

Radiation is used in medicine to diagnose and treat diseases but it can also cause harm to the body by burning or mutation. This depends on whether the radiation is ionizing or nonionizing. Despite its vast applications in surgery, dermatology and cosmetics, little is taught and thus known about non-ionizing radiation.

Occupational and patients effective radiation doses in dental imaging.

Ionizing radiation exposure from medical applications is increasing annually worldwide. It was estimated that 325 million dental procedures were performed in the United States. Radiation exposure from dental radiography consists of intraoral, panoramic, and 3D imaging cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging.

Recognition of brain tumors in MRI images using texture analysis.

Objectives: Brain neoplasms or intracranial tumors, which are more common in older adults, can affect individuals of any age including pediatric and children. Exposure to carcinogenic agents including ionizing radiation and family history is one of the main causes of the disease. Early diagnosis is crucial to avoid prolonged.

Eye lens and thyroid gland radiation exposure for patients undergoing brain computed tomography examination.

This study aims to estimate the effective radiation dose and organ dose from head CT procedures. It was conducted in three main private hospitals in Khartoum State-Sudan, using Toshiba machines with 64 slices. The total number of patients included in this study was 142 patients (82 males and 60 females).

Comparative efficacy of Gum Arabic () and on male fertility.

In this study the effect of Gum arabic (l) was systemically targeted at male fertility with two experiments, the first comparing the effectiveness of Gum arabic (GA) and (TT). For the first experiment, 27 adult mice Balb / c (18 females, 9 males) were divided into 3 in each group, one male and two females, group one had the usual tap water as power, group two had 5% (w / v) GA and group three had 5% (w / v) of TT for 21 days. The results showed, the number of offspring was more with GA treated when compared to TT treated.

Evaluation of hysterosalpingographic findings among patients presenting with infertility.

Background: Infertility is a global health issue and hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a valuable radiological tool in infertility workup and remains a main modality for investigating female infertility. However, the HSG findings of infertility are not the same worldwide.This study aimed at evaluating the incidence of HSG findings in patients investigated for primary and secondary infertility, correlating these findings with their clinical data that reflect the infertility causes and comparing the findings with previous international studies.

Estimation of effective dose during hystrosalpingography procedures in certain hospitals in Sudan.

The aims of this study were to measure the patients' entrance surface air kerma doses (ESAK), effective doses and to compare practices between different hospitals in Sudan. ESAK were measured for patient using calibrated thermo luminance dosimeters (TLDs, GR200A). Effective doses were estimated using National radiological Protection Board (NRPB) software.