The Role and Limitations of Artificial Intelligence in Combating Infectious Disease Outbreaks.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool in the management of pandemics, significantly enhancing disease prediction, diagnostics, drug discovery, and vaccine development. This manuscript explores AI's multifaceted applications during infectious disease outbreaks, from predictive modeling and outbreak forecasting to the acceleration of vaccine development and antimicrobial resistance detection. AI-driven technologies, including deep learning and reinforcement learning, have shown remarkable effectiveness in improving diagnostic accuracy, streamlining drug discovery processes, and providing real-time decision-making support for healthcare providers.

Perception and Use of Herbal Medicine in General Practice Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia.

Background: In Saudi Arabia, herbal medicine is an essential component of traditional health practices, reflecting a deep cultural appreciation for natural remedies. Despite widespread use, comprehensive data on perceptions and utilization among general practice patients are scarce. This study aims to elucidate the patterns of herbal medicine use, associated beliefs, and communication with healthcare professionals in this context.

Non-diethylstilbestrol-associated primary clear cell carcinoma of the vagina: two case reports with immunohistochemical studies and literature review.

Primary clear cell adenocarcinomas most commonly involve the genitourinary system, including the vagina. Previously, primary clear cell adenocarcinomas of the vagina have been discussed within the context of prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol. Due to its widely proven role in the development of this carcinoma, administration of diethylstilbestrol is prohibited.

Testicular adrenal rest "tumor" or Leydig cell tumor? A report of a challenging case with literature review.

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) refers to group of inherited diseases resulting from impaired adrenal steroidogenesis, and its most common cause is 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Testicular adrenal rest tumors (TARTs) are an important complication of CAH, which probably develop from ectopic remnants of intra-testicular adrenal tissue stimulated by Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) hypersecretion. These lesions are typically located within the rete testis and are bilateral, synchronous, nodular and multiple.