An international consensus panel on the potential value of Digital Surgery.

Objectives: The use of digital technology in surgery is increasing rapidly, with a wide array of new applications from presurgical planning to postsurgical performance assessment. Understanding the clinical and economic value of these technologies is vital for making appropriate health policy and purchasing decisions. We explore the potential value of digital technologies in surgery and produce expert consensus on how to assess this value.

Molecular phenotyping of small cell lung cancer using targeted cfDNA profiling of transcriptional regulatory regions.

We report an approach for cancer phenotyping based on targeted sequencing of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) for small cell lung cancer (SCLC). In SCLC, differential activation of transcription factors (TFs), such as ASCL1, NEUROD1, POU2F3, and REST defines molecular subtypes. We designed a targeted capture panel that identifies chromatin organization signatures at 1535 TF binding sites and 13,240 gene transcription start sites and detects exonic mutations in 842 genes.

CRISPR-Cas9 screen of E3 ubiquitin ligases identifies TRAF2 and UHRF1 as regulators of HIV latency in primary human T cells.

Unlabelled: During HIV infection of CD4+ T cells, ubiquitin pathways are essential to viral replication and host innate immune response; however, the role of specific E3 ubiquitin ligases is not well understood. Proteomics analyses identified 116 single-subunit E3 ubiquitin ligases expressed in activated primary human CD4+ T cells. Using a CRISPR-based arrayed spreading infectivity assay, we systematically knocked out 116 E3s from activated primary CD4+ T cells and infected them with NL4-3 GFP reporter HIV-1.

The assessment of the clinical impact of using a single set of radiotherapy planning data for two kilovoltage therapy units.

Kilovoltage therapy units are used for superficial radiotherapy treatment delivery. Peer reviewed studies for MV linear accelerators describe tolerances to dosimetrically match multiple linear accelerators enabling patient treatment on any matched machine. There is an absence of literature on using a single planning data set for multiple kilovoltage units which have limited ability for beam adjustment.

Safe Sex After Total Hip Arthroplasty: Using Computed Tomography-Based Robotics to Evaluate "At-Risk" Sexual Positions.

Background: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) can improve sexual satisfaction, but fear of dislocation can lead to sexual difficulties following this procedure. Previous kinematic research identified 4 sexual positions in women and 2 in men that were considered at risk for impingement. This study aimed to validate these findings using current robotic THA simulations.

Dietitian-led micronutrient management in a public bariatric surgery outpatient clinic.

Aims: This study aimed to explore the multidisciplinary team attitudes and knowledge of bariatric surgery micronutrient management (pre- and postoperative care) and to evaluate the implementation of an extended-scope of practice dietitian-led model of care for micronutrient monitoring and management.

Methods: A mixed method study design included quantitative evaluation of micronutrient testing practices and deficiency rates. Qualitative reflexive thematic analysis was used to interpret multidisciplinary experience with micronutrient monitoring in a traditional and dietitian-led model of care.

Use and safety of enteral nutrition protocols in acute care: A scoping review of literature and retrospective audit of practice.

Aim: Standardised enteral nutrition protocols are recommended in critical care, however their use and safety are not well described in other inpatient populations. This mixed methods study reports on the use and safety of enteral nutrition protocols for non-critically ill adults.

Methods: A scoping review of published literature was conducted.

Best practice considerations on the assessment of robotic assisted surgical systems: results from an international consensus expert panel.

Background: Health technology assessments (HTAs) of robotic assisted surgery (RAS) face several challenges in assessing the value of robotic surgical platforms. As a result of using different assessment methods, previous HTAs have reached different conclusions when evaluating RAS. While the number of available systems and surgical procedures is rapidly growing, existing frameworks for assessing MedTech provide a starting point, but specific considerations are needed for HTAs of RAS to ensure consistent results.

Single-Person Reduction of Ipsilateral Elbow, Lunate, and Scaphoid Dislocation: A Review of the Literature.

Here, we present a novel emergency department reduction for a rare case of dissociative scaphoid and lunate dislocation with an ipsilateral elbow dislocation. Dissociative scaphoid and lunate dislocations have rarely been described in the literature. Most often, the reduction is performed on an urgent basis in the operating room because of the difficulty of closed reduction and associated complications, such as acute carpal tunnel syndrome.

Patient experiences with micronutrient and overall nutrition management after bariatric surgery: identifying facilitators and barriers to implementing care.

Background: Adherence to perioperative guideline recommendations for prophylactic supplementation and regular biochemical monitoring is suboptimal. However, little is known about the patient perspective on this postoperative challenge.

Objectives: To qualitatively explore patient experiences of postoperative micronutrient management and identify patient-reported barriers and facilitators to the provision of nutrition care.

Improving patient and carer access to information and support through head and neck cancer treatment and survivorship using experience-based co-design.

Background: Previous studies have highlighted the unmet nutritional and supportive care needs of patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) and their carers from diagnosis and throughout the treatment and survivorship period. The aim of this study was to bring patients, carers and healthcare professionals together to co-design a framework to improve access to nutrition information and support for patients and carers with HNC from diagnosis and throughout the treatment and survivorship period.

Methods: Using experience-based co-design (EBCD), semistructured individual interviews were conducted with patients, carers and healthcare professionals to understand their experiences in accessing information and support outside of the hospital environment.

A qualitative comparison of the nutrition care experiences of carers supporting patients with head and neck cancer throughout surgery and radiation treatment and survivorship.

Purpose: To understand and compare the nutrition care experiences of carers supporting patients throughout surgery and radiation treatment for head and neck cancer (HNC) to inform changes to service delivery in the inpatient and outpatient setting to ensure carers needs in their supportive role throughout the treatment and survivorship period are met.

Methods: As part of a larger study, narrative interviews were completed with fourteen carers of patients diagnosed with HNC at 2 weeks, 3 months and 12 months post-treatment completion. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to interpret and understand differences in carer experiences of nutrition care between surgery and radiation treatment.

Inhibition of LSD1 with Bomedemstat Sensitizes Small Cell Lung Cancer to Immune Checkpoint Blockade and T-Cell Killing.

Purpose: The addition of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) to platinum/etoposide chemotherapy changed the standard of care for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) treatment. However, ICB addition only modestly improved clinical outcomes, likely reflecting the high prevalence of an immunologically "cold" tumor microenvironment in SCLC, despite high mutational burden. Nevertheless, some patients clearly benefit from ICB and recent reports have associated clinical responses to ICB in SCLC with (i) decreased neuroendocrine characteristics and (ii) activation of NOTCH signaling.

Improving the efficacy of immunotherapy in small cell lung cancer: Leveraging recent scientific discoveries and tumor-specific antigens.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine neoplasm with poor survival outcomes and little change to treatment standards over decades. SCLC is associated with heavy tobacco exposure and a high rate of somatic mutations in tumor cells, leading to hope that immune checkpoint inhibitors would dramatically reshape the treatment landscape of SCLC. Instead, immune checkpoint inhibitors have led to real but modest gains in outcomes, with only a small minority of patients deriving more durable benefit.

A functional map of HIV-host interactions in primary human T cells.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) relies on host molecular machinery for replication. Systematic attempts to genetically or biochemically define these host factors have yielded hundreds of candidates, but few have been functionally validated in primary cells. Here, we target 426 genes previously implicated in the HIV lifecycle through protein interaction studies for CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knock-out in primary human CD4+ T cells in order to systematically assess their functional roles in HIV replication.

The Current Landscape and Emerging Applications for Real-World Data in Diagnostics and Clinical Decision Support and its Impact on Regulatory Decision Making.

Real-world data (RWD) and real-world evidence (RWE) are becoming essential tools for informing regulatory decision making in health care and offer an opportunity for all stakeholders in the healthcare ecosystem to evaluate medical products throughout their lifecycle. Although considerable interest has been given to regulatory decisions supported by RWE for treatment authorization, especially in rare diseases, less attention has been given to RWD/RWE related to in vitro diagnostic (IVD) products and clinical decision support systems (CDSS). This review examines current regulatory practices in relation to IVD product development and discusses the use of CDSS in assisting clinicians to retrieve, filter, and analyze patient data in support of complex decisions regarding diagnosis and treatment.

Evolution of enhanced innate immune evasion by SARS-CoV-2.

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern suggests viral adaptation to enhance human-to-human transmission. Although much effort has focused on the characterization of changes in the spike protein in variants of concern, mutations outside of spike are likely to contribute to adaptation. Here, using unbiased abundance proteomics, phosphoproteomics, RNA sequencing and viral replication assays, we show that isolates of the Alpha (B.

Exploring dyadic management of nutrition care throughout and beyond head and neck cancer treatment.

Aims And Objectives: To identify how patients and carers collaborate to manage nutrition care throughout and beyond head and neck cancer (HNC) treatment as a step towards identifying changes to service delivery that are inclusive of the needs of the patient-carer dyad.

Background: Research in the field of dyadic interventions in cancer care is emerging, and there has been little work exploring patient-carer dyad needs in the provision of nutrition care in HNC.

Design: A qualitative study design was used.