Variational Autoencoders for Network Lifetime Enhancement in Wireless Sensors.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are structured for monitoring an area with distributed sensors and built-in batteries. However, most of their battery energy is consumed during the data transmission process. In recent years, several methodologies, like routing optimization, topology control, and sleep scheduling algorithms, have been introduced to improve the energy efficiency of WSNs.

A Review on Cornea Imaging and Processing Techniques.

Background: Measuring cornea thickness is an essential parameter for patients undergoing refractive Laser-Assisted in SItu Keratomileusis (LASIK) surgeries.

Discussion: This paper describes about the various available imaging and non-imaging methods for identifying cornea thickness and explores the most optimal method for measuring it. Along with the thickness measurement, layer segmentation in the cornea is also an essential parameter for diagnosing and treating eye-related disease and problems.

Knowledge and beliefs about hypertension among Jamaican female clients.

Hypertension is a major health problem in the Caribbean Region. If health promotion programs are to be appropriate and effective, the clients' knowledge and beliefs regarding this chronic health problem need to be identified. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge level and beliefs about hypertension among female clients attending primary health care clinics in Jamaica, West Indies.

Predictors of success on the Canadian Nurses Association testing service (CNATS) examination.

This retrospective study examined the relationship of selected admissions variables and in-course performance to success in the Canadian Nurses Association Testing Service (CNATS) examinations of 114 students admitted directly from secondary school to a four-year integrated, problem-based learning (PBL) baccalaureate nursing program in Canada. Data were analyzed using two separate hierarchical stepwise regression equations. The first equation examined a set of secondary school grades (Ontario Academic Credits, or OACs) used to calculate university admission averages and their ability to predict CNATS performance.

Rural women and power in Pakistan.

Perceptions of power in women living in rural villages in Pakistan were explored. The Lee-Hezekiah Power Perception Scale was developed by the authors to measure women's perception of their power. The instrument was administered in interviews conducted by a group of Lady Health Visitors who were participating in a project funded by the Canadian International Development Agency.

Creating bicultural experiences in nursing.

This article describes the process (activities) involved in helping Registered Nurse students from Pakistan in an international health project adjust to Canadian culture and readjust to their home culture. The process, involving both structured and informal activities in Pakistan and in Canada, was designed to assist the students in adapting to both the foreign and home cultures. These processes included both human and material resources.

The pioneers of rural Pakistan: the Lady Health Visitors.

Since 1978, when the World Health Organization and the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund called for urgent action by all governments to provide appropriate health care for the underprivileged, the world community has attempted to implement primary health care strategies. Pakistan, with a population of 118 million people, is one of those countries where the rural population and the underprivileged groups in the katchi-abadis (squatter settlements) of the urban areas lack appropriate and accessible health services. This article highlights the community experiences of a remarkable group of young Muslim women, the Lady Health Visitors (LHVs) of the Aga Khan Health Services, who deliver primary health care services to disadvantaged women and children in the northern mountainous areas and rural villages of Pakistan.

Feminist pedagogy: a framework for nursing education?

This article describes the feminist pedagogical strategies used in a nursing course in the post-RN Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BScN) program, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. A variety of concepts that have direct relevance for nurses were discussed within small groups. These settings provided the venue for an examination of the issues that nurses, as primarily female, face in a patriarchal Muslim society and an androcentric health care system.

Postcolonial nursing education in Trinidad and Tobago.

In this article the impact of the developed nations on basic nursing education in Trinidad and Tobago in the postcolonial period is discussed and analyzed. Subsequent to self-government in 1956, the national government, in its efforts to become independent of its reliance on Great Britain, turned to the United States and Canada for technical and financial aid. Consequently, sources such as the World Bank, Inter-American Development Bank, Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization, and the Canadian International Development Agency were major avenues for the provision of ideas, concepts, and values in health planning and policy making with primary health care endorsed by the government.

Major health problems of women in a Kenyan village.

Major health problems encountered by women in one village situated in the northwestern area outside of Nairobi, Kenya, are addressed in this paper. A retrospective, descriptive account of the nature and cost of health services provided to clients is provided, with a particular focus on the three most critical health problems facing women in that village (which is a prototype of surrounding villages). Female circumcision, childbearing, and malaria are examined, and implications for change are suggested.

The development of health care policies in Trinidad and Tobago: autonomy or domination?

This article is part of a study that described and analyzed the development of nursing education in Trinidad and Tobago from self-government in 1956 to 1986, with special emphasis on the forces that helped to shape the society from colonial times, and consequently, nursing education. Adaptation and application of major concepts from theories of underdevelopment and development and colonialism formed the basis of the study's theoretical framework. The article focuses on the impact of the metropolitan countries on the development of health care policies.