A Survey of Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Use in a Surgical Practice.

The purpose of this study is to gather the practices and perceptions among upper extremity surgeons regarding the use of musculoskeletal ultrasound for diagnostic and therapeutic intervention. A 36-question survey was developed from a literature review and author consensus. This survey was then piloted among a small group of hand surgeons prior to distribution.

Accessible interview practices for disabled scientists and engineers.

Increasing representation of people with disabilities in science and engineering will require systemic changes to the culture around support and accommodations. Equitable interview practices can help foster such changes. We, an interdisciplinary group of disabled and nondisabled early-career scientists who care deeply about making science more accessible to all, present a framework of suggestions based on Universal Design principles for improving the accessibility and equitability of interviews for people with disabilities and other underrepresented groups.

Social wellbeing profiles: associations with trust in managers and colleagues, job satisfaction, and intention to leave.

Introduction: This study aimed to determine latent social wellbeing profiles and investigate differences between the profiles in terms of trust in managers and colleagues, job satisfaction, intention to leave, and demographic variables (age and service years).

Methods: Permanently employed individuals of a South African utility organization participated in the study ( = 403). The Social Well-being Scale, Workplace Trust Survey, Job Satisfaction Scale, and Turnover Intention Scale were administered.

Direct Assessment of Defective Regions in Monolayer MoS Field-Effect Transistors through Scanning Probe Microscopy Measurements.

Implementing two-dimensional materials in field-effect transistors (FETs) offers the opportunity to continue the scaling trend in the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology roadmap. Presently, the search for electrically active defects, in terms of both their density of energy states and their spatial distribution, has turned out to be of paramount importance in synthetic transition metal dichalcogenides layers, as they are suspected of severely inhibiting these devices from achieving their highest performance. Although advanced microscopy tools have allowed the direct detection of physical defects such as grain boundaries and point defects, their implementation at the device scale to assess the active defect distribution and their impact on field-induced channel charge modulation and current transport is strictly restrained.

Key for the identification of third instar larvae of African blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) of forensic importance in death investigations.

Blowfly larvae are the insects primarily responsible for the active stage of decomposition of exposed vertebrate remains and are the most frequently collected entomological evidence during forensic investigations of death. The necrophagous calliphorids in continental Africa that consistently develop on large vertebrate carrion include 11 species belonging to four genera: Calliphora, Chrysomya, Hemipyrellia and Lucilia. Most of these species are widespread in Africa and frequently reported on large animal carcasses and carrion and human corpses.

Incidental observation of bone modification by Crematogaster cf. liengmei (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Cape Town, South Africa.

Different taxa of insects have been reported to modify the skeletal remains of vertebrates during feeding or the creation of their larval and pupal chambers. Anecdotal reports on the modification of skeletal remains by ants exist but are rare. In this paper, a case of modification of bone due to the feeding activity of the ant, Crematogaster cf.

Parasitic and predatory behavior of Alysia manducator (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on blow fly larvae feeding on an adult pig carcass in the Western Cape Province of South Africa: preliminary observations and forensic implications.

Wasps are part of the entomofauna associated with vertebrate carrion. They are known to parasitize and prey on specific life stages of insect hosts such as eggs, larvae, pupae, and/or adults associated with vertebrate carrion. However, reports of parasitic behavior of wasps on carrion-associated insect life stages and their possible forensic implications are non-existent in the Western Cape Province of South Africa.

Unraveling the impact of nano-scaling on silicon field-effect transistors for the detection of single-molecules.

Electrolyte-gated silicon field-effect transistors (FETs) capable of detecting single molecules could enable high-throughput molecular sensing chips to advance, for example, genomics or proteomics. For solid-gated silicon FETs it is well-known that nano-scaled devices become sensitive to single elementary charges near the silicon-oxide interface. However, in electrolyte-gated FETs, electrolyte screening strongly reduces sensitivity to charges near the gate oxide.

Authentic leadership and flourishing: Do trust in the organization and organizational support matter during times of uncertainty?

This study investigated the influence of authentic leadership on employee flourishing while considering the potential mediating effect of trust in the organization and organizational support as underlying mechanisms in an uncertain setting. To examine the relationship between authentic leadership and employee flourishing by evaluating the indirect effect of organizational support and trust in the organization as potential mediators. An authentic leadership approach, organizational support, and trust in the organization may influence the flourishing of employees in uncertain times.

Caught in the act: impact of Crematogaster cf. liengmei (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) necrophagous behavior on neonate pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus L.) in the Western Cape Province of South Africa.

Ants have been documented as part of the entomo-sarcosaprophagous community. They have been known to alter the process of carcass decomposition due to their ability to feed on fly eggs/larvae and create post-mortem skin injuries. However, studies on the impact of ants on decomposing carcasses are scarce, especially within the Western Cape Province of South Africa.

Authentic Leadership, Trust (in the Leader), and Flourishing: Does Precariousness Matter?

Orientation: This study employed a second stage moderated mediation analysis to investigate the influence of authentic leadership on employee flourishing via trust in the leader (mediating variable) and job overload (moderating variable).

Research Purpose: To explore the relationship between authentic leadership and flourishing by considering the indirect effect of trust in the leader as potentially moderated by job overload.

Motivation For The Study: An authentic leadership style, trust in the leader, and job overload may impact employee flourishing.

The role of supervisor support and basic psychological needs in predicting work engagement, burnout and turnover intentions in a medical contract research service setting.

Background: The pharmaceutical industry is forced to contain costs by outsourcing drug testing to commercial contract research organizations (CROs). This ensures the performance of clinical trials by experienced employees who must competently and skillfully exercise due care and diligence. Skilled talent for demanding CRO's is scarce, expensive and hard to retain.

Trust Profiles: Associations With Psychological Need Satisfaction, Work Engagement, and Intention to Leave.

The study aimed to identify trust profiles in the work domain and to study how these patterns related to psychological need satisfaction, work engagement, and intentions to leave. A cross-sectional survey with a convenience sample ( = 298) was used. The Behavioral Trust Inventory, the Work-related Basic Need Satisfaction Scale, the Work Engagement Scale, and the Turnover Intention Scale were administered.

Impact of device scaling on the electrical properties of MoS field-effect transistors.

Two-dimensional semiconducting materials are considered as ideal candidates for ultimate device scaling. However, a systematic study on the performance and variability impact of scaling the different device dimensions is still lacking. Here we investigate the scaling behavior across 1300 devices fabricated on large-area grown MoS material with channel length down to 30 nm, contact length down to 13 nm and capacitive effective oxide thickness (CET) down to 1.

The Significance of Nonlinear Screening and the pH Interference Mechanism in Field-Effect Transistor Molecular Sensors.

Electrolyte screening is well known for its detrimental impact on the sensitivity of liquid-gated field-effect transistor (FET) molecular sensors and is mostly described by the linearized Debye-Hückel model. However, charged and pH-sensitive FET sensing surfaces can limit the FET molecular sensitivity beyond the Debye-Hückel screening formalism. Pre-existing surface charges can lead to the breakdown of Debye-Hückel screening and induce enhanced nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmann screening.

Worker roles in the open labor market: The challenges faced by people with intellectual disabilities in the Western Cape, South Africa.

Background: Work holds great meaning and benefits beyond just monetary gain for people with intellectual disabilities. It gives these individuals the opportunity to engage in meaningful occupation.

Objective: The purpose of the study was to explore challenges that people with intellectual disabilities (PWID) experience when adapting to their worker roles in the open labor market.

Understanding ambipolar transport in MoS field effect transistors: the substrate is the key.

2D materials offer a pathway for further scaling of CMOS technology. However, for this to become a reality, both n-MOS and p-MOS should be realized, ideally with the same (standard) material. In the specific case of MoS field effect transistors (FETs), ambipolar transport is seldom reported, primarily due to the phenomenon of Fermi level pinning (FLP).

Reconfigurable submicrometer spin-wave majority gate with electrical transducers.

Spin waves are excitations in ferromagnetic media that have been proposed as information carriers in hybrid spintronic devices with much lower operation power than conventional charge-based electronics. Their wave nature can be exploited in majority gates by using interference for computation. However, a scalable spin-wave majority gate that can be cointegrated alongside conventional electronics is still lacking.

On the van der Waals Epitaxy of Homo-/Heterostructures of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides.

Layered materials held together by weak van der Waals (vdW) interactions are a promising class of materials in the field of nanotechnology. Besides the potential for single layers, stacking of various vdW layers becomes even more promising since unique properties can hence be precisely engineered. The synthesis of stacked vdW layers, however, remains to date, hardly understood.

A Single Preoperative Dose of Tranexamic Acid Reduces Perioperative Blood Loss: A Meta-analysis.

Objective: To review the efficacy and safety of a single dose of intravenous tranexamic acid (TXA) given preoperatively.

Summary Background Data: TXA is a synthetic antifibrinolytic that has been used in various surgical disciplines to reduce blood loss, blood transfusions, ecchymosis, and hematoma formation. However, there is no universal standard on the most effective dose and route of TXA administration, limiting its routine use in many centers.

Positive non-linear capacitance: the origin of the steep subthreshold-slope in ferroelectric FETs.

We show that the non-linear positive capacitance (PC) of ferroelectrics (FE) can explain the steep subthreshold-slope (SS) observed in FE based MOSFETs and often attributed to the existence of a negative capacitance in FE capacitors. Physically attainable and unattainable regions of the S-shape curve used in the negative capacitance theory are investigated by self-consistently solving Landau-Khalatnikov and Maxwell equations and by experimental validation. Finally, the conditions for attaining a steep SS in FE based MOSFETs assuming only positive capacitances are discussed.

The crucial role of DNA-dependent protein kinase and myelin transcription factor 1-like protein in the miR-141 tumor suppressor network.

Glioblastoma is the most aggressive brain tumor. Although miR-141 has been demonstrated to primarily function as a tumor suppressor in numerous malignancies, including glioblastoma, the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. Here, it is shown that miR-141 is downregulated in glioblastoma cell lines and tissues and may exert its biological function via directly targeting ().

Peculiar alignment and strain of 2D WSe grown by van der Waals epitaxy on reconstructed sapphire surfaces.

The increasing scientific and industry interest in 2D MX materials within the field of nanotechnology has made the single crystalline integration of large area van der Waals (vdW) layers on commercial substrates an important topic. The c-plane oriented (3D crystal) sapphire surface is believed to be an interesting substrate candidate for this challenging 2D/3D integration. Despite the many attempts that have been made, the yet incomplete understanding of vdW epitaxy still results in synthetic material that shows a crystallinity far too low compared to natural crystals that can be exfoliated onto commercial substrates.

Chemical vapor deposition of monolayer-thin WS crystals from the WF and HS precursors at low deposition temperature.

Monolayer-thin WS with (0002) texture grows by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) from gas-phase precursors WF and HS at a deposition temperature of 450 °C on 300 mm Si wafers covered with an amorphous AlO starting surface. We investigate the growth and nucleation mechanism during the CVD process by analyzing the morphology of the WS crystals. The CVD process consists of two distinct growth regimes.