Hyperbaric oxygen treatment reveals spatiotemporal OXPHOS plasticity in the porcine heart.

Cardiomyocytes meet their high ATP demand almost exclusively by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Adequate oxygen supply is an essential prerequisite to keep OXPHOS operational. At least two spatially distinct mitochondrial subpopulations facilitate OXPHOS in cardiomyocytes, i.

Exercise Training Differentially Affects Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria in Rats with Inherited High or Low Exercise Capacity.

Exercise capacity has been related to morbidity and mortality. It consists of an inherited and an acquired part and is dependent on mitochondrial function. We assessed skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in rats with divergent inherited exercise capacity and analyzed the effect of exercise training.

Targeting Mitochondrial Metabolism to Save the Failing Heart.

Despite considerable progress in treating cardiac disorders, the prevalence of heart failure (HF) keeps growing, making it a global medical and economic burden. HF is characterized by profound metabolic remodeling, which mostly occurs in the mitochondria. Although it is well established that the failing heart is energy-deficient, the role of mitochondria in the pathophysiology of HF extends beyond the energetic aspects.

Knockout of the Complex III subunit Uqcrh causes bioenergetic impairment and cardiac contractile dysfunction.

Ubiquinol cytochrome c reductase hinge protein (UQCRH) is required for the electron transfer between cytochrome c and c of the mitochondrial cytochrome bc Complex (CIII). A two-exon deletion in the human UQCRH gene has recently been identified as the cause for a rare familial mitochondrial disorder. Deletion of the corresponding gene in the mouse (Uqcrh-KO) resulted in striking biochemical and clinical similarities including impairment of CIII, failure to thrive, elevated blood glucose levels, and early death.

The IGF-1R Inhibitor NVP-AEW541 Causes Insulin-Independent and Reversible Cardiac Contractile Dysfunction.

The antitumor treatment NVP-AEW541 blocks IGF-1R. IGF-1R signaling is crucial for cardiac function, but the cardiac effects of NVP-AEW541 are ill defined. We assessed NVP-AEW541's effects on cardiac function and insulin response in vivo and in isolated working hearts.

Age and Intrinsic Fitness Affect the Female Rotator Cuff Tendon Tissue.

The risk of the development of tendon disorders or ruptures increases with age, but it is unclear whether intrinsic fitness during lifetime might also affect tendon properties. To investigate this, a contrasting rat model of high-capacity runners (HCR with high intrinsic fitness) and low-capacity runners (LCR with low intrinsic fitness) was employed. Histological and molecular changes in rotator cuff (RC) tendons from 10 weeks old (young; HCR-10 and LCR-10) and 100 weeks old (old; HCR-100 and LCR-100) female rats were investigated.

The Effect of Age and Intrinsic Aerobic Exercise Capacity on the Expression of Inflammation and Remodeling Markers in Rat Achilles Tendons.

Old age, adiposity, and metabolic disorders are known as risk factors for chronic tendinopathy, which is a common problem in both athletes and the general population. However, the importance of these influencing factors has not yet been well understood. This study investigated alterations in gene expression and histology of Achilles tendons of young (10 weeks) and old (100 weeks) rats bred for low (low capacity runners, LCR) and high (high capacity runners, HCR) intrinsic aerobic exercise capacity.

Scientific Publishing Differences between Sexes in Cardiology, Cardiac, and General Surgery.

Background:  Research and scientific publications are important for the advancement of science but also for the individual career development. While women have become the majority of students in medicine we do not know about female presence and scientific activity in cardiac surgery. We thus aimed to compare scientific output of women and men in German University departments of cardiac surgery with cardiology departments focusing on the same organ and surgical departments not addressing the heart (general surgery) of 34 universities in Germany.

Molecular Mechanisms of Diaphragm Myopathy in Humans With Severe Heart Failure.

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Vulnerable child syndrome in the neonatal intensive care unit: A review and a new preventative intervention with feasibility and parental satisfaction data.

Vulnerable Child Syndrome (VCS) occurs in the setting in which a child recovers from a life-threatening illness, as result of which the parent develops heightened parental perceptions of child vulnerability (PPCV). This leads to a pattern of overprotective parenting which may result in adverse neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes in the child over time. Parents of premature infants have been shown to be at increased risk of developing raised PPCV while their infants may develop symptoms of VCS.

Antibiotic exposure and growth patterns in preterm, very low birth weight infants.

Background: Antibiotic exposure in term infants has been associated with later obesity. Premature, very-low-birth-weight (birth weight ≤ 1500 g) infants in the neonatal intensive care unit frequently are exposed to antibiotics. Our hypothesis was that in preterm infants, there is a positive linear and dose-dependent relationship between antibiotic exposure and growth from birth through 12 months' corrected age.

High-fat diet affects skeletal muscle mitochondria comparable to pressure overload-induced heart failure.

In heart failure, high-fat diet (HFD) may exert beneficial effects on cardiac mitochondria and contractility. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction in heart failure is associated with myopathy. However, it is not clear if HFD affects skeletal muscle mitochondria in heart failure as well.

Association of age of initiation and type of complementary foods with body mass index and weight-for-length at 12 months of age in preterm infants.

Objective: To assess whether in very preterm infants (1) body mass index (BMI) Z-score and weight-for-length (WtFL) Z-score at 1 year of age and (2) head growth from discharge to 1 year are associated with breastfeeding at discharge and the age of onset and type of complementary foods.

Study Design: Observational cohort study.

Results: Infants started on only ready-made complementary (RMC) feedings at ≤26 weeks adjusted age had the highest adjusted BMI Z-score and WtFL Z-score at 1 year of age.

Comprehensive follow-up care and life-threatening illnesses among high-risk infants: A randomized controlled trial.

Context: Inner-city high-risk infants often receive limited and fragmented care, a problem that may increase serious illness.

Objective: To assess whether access to comprehensive care in a follow-up clinic is cost-effective in reducing life-threatening illnesses among high-risk, inner-city infants.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Responses of alloplasmic (cytoplasm=Triticum timopheevii) and euplasmic wheats (Triticum aestivum) to photoperiod and vernalization.

Studies were conducted to determine the influence of the male sterility-inducing cytoplasm of Triticum timopheevii (Zhuk.) Zhuk. on response of several common winter wheat (T.

Increasing grain protein content of hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by mutation breeding.

Poor adaptability or functional quality of much germplasm used for breeding high-protein hard red winter wheats prompted mutagenesis as an alternative means of increasing grain protein content. Four hard red winter wheat genotypes - KS644 ('Triumph// Concho/Triumph'), 'Kaw', 'Parker', and 'Shawnee' - were treated with 0.40 M ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS).

Effectiveness of ph gene in inducing homoeologous chromosome pairing in agrotricum.

We observed pairing, when the ph gene was present, between wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.