Isochrony in titi monkeys duets: social context as a proximate cause of duets' rhythm and regularity.

Music and rhythm are typical features of all human cultures, but their biological origins remain unclear. Recent investigations suggest that rhythmic features of human music are shared with animal vocalizations. Moreover, arousal is known to influence the structure of both human speech and animal sounds.

Interventions to reduce burnout in emergency medicine: a national inventory of the Canadian experience to support global implementation of wellness initiatives.

Burnout in healthcare workers is a global issue, with Emergency Medicine (EM) particularly impacted. Many countries have tried implementing wellness initiatives to reduce burnout and improve wellness. This paper summarizes interventions implemented in Canada to-date with the aim of supporting the design of wellness interventions in EDs globally.

Restructuring the role of emergency departments in the healthcare systems: a vector to improving physician resilience.

Healthcare systems are continuously evolving to respond to new geodemographic demands, among other challenges. At the forefront of this exercise of malleability, Emergency Departments (EDs) are often put to test as the default access point, while the rest of the system takes time to adapt. Once highly adaptable, years of cumulative strain have stressed the limits of the current organization of Emergency Departments (ED) within the healthcare system worldwide.

Emergency medicine: a global perspective on its past, evolution, and future.

Emergency Medicine (EM) has continuously evolved since its origins on the battlefields of eighteenth-century Europe. Adapting to emerging challenges in healthcare, it has, in the past 70 years, developed to become a critical safety net for society. Despite its resilience and many accomplishments, EM still faces significant challenges, including workforce attrition, resource constraints, and the need for ongoing innovation.

Modulating patient output: rethinking the role of EM in the healthcare system.

Overcrowding has become a significant issue in Emergency departments (EDs) around the world. Overcrowding contributes to a chaotic, unsafe and disorganized environment, increasing the burden on healthcare teams, and has led to deteriorating working conditions, with subsequent higher rates of burnout. This review aims to discuss different solutions to improve the process of patient discharge from the ED, either to an inpatient unit, another hospital, or to an outpatient setting, and the impact this component of patient flow can have on physician well being.

A comparison of scan and focal sampling in estimating activity budgets, diet composition, and proximity patterns of a wild pair-living primate.

The choice of behavioral sampling method can impact the outcome of data collection, however, few direct comparisons between methods have been made. We compared the performance of instantaneous group scan sampling (scan sampling) and focal continuous sampling with variable session durations (focal sampling) in estimating activity patterns, diet composition, and spatial proximity in seven groups of wild coppery titi monkeys (Plecturocebus cupreus) in Peruvian Amazonia. We used a series of paired samples Wilcoxon tests to compare daily proportions of time allocated to each type of activity/food/proximity category in each sampling method.

Vertically stratified interactions of nectarivores and nectar-inhabiting bacteria in a liana flowering across forest strata.

Premise: Vertical stratification is a key feature of tropical forests and plant-frugivore interactions. However, it is unclear whether equally strong patterns of vertical stratification exist for plant-nectarivore interactions and, if so, which factors drive these patterns. Further, nectar-inhabiting bacteria, acting as "hidden players" in plant-nectarivore interactions, might be vertically stratified, either in response to differences among strata in microenvironmental conditions or to the nectarivore community serving as vectors.

[Ketamine for medically-delegated analgesia in the Emergency Department].

Ketamine has the optimal characteristics for use in an Emergency Department. Added in 2020 to the Emergency Department's medically delegated analgesia protocol of the Cantonal Hospital of Neuchâtel (RHNe), it has become a valuable ally for the management of acute pain. The purpose of this article is to present the advantages of its use in an Emergency Department by means of a review of evidence and experience.

Feeding ecology of monk sakis (Pithecia monachus) in a seasonally flooded forest in western Amazonia.

Sakis (genus Pithecia) are frugivorous primates with a preference for seeds that complete their diet with leaves and insects. Fruit pulp and seeds are known to have different nutritional characteristics that change during the process of ripening. The consumption of seeds can be an adaptation to changes in resource availability, as unripe seeds are a more steadily available resource than ripe pulp or young leaves.

Non-random host tree infestation by the Neotropical liana .

The question whether or not tropical lianas infest host trees randomly or they exert host selection has implications for the structure and dynamics of tropical rainforests, particularly if colonization by lianas impacts host fitness. In this study, we present evidence that the Neotropical liana (Marcgraviaceae) infests host trees non-randomly. We identified host trees to species or genus level for 87 of the 100 individuals found in the study area of the Estación Biológica Quebrada Blanco (EBQB) in north-eastern Peruvian Amazonia.

Report of an attack on a howler monkey by a group of collared peccaries at a mammal clay lick in Madre de Dios, Peru.

Howler monkeys are almost exclusively arboreal. They will, however, occasionally descend to the forest floor to conduct geophagy at clay licks if these are present within their home range. They do this to incorporate certain minerals into their diet and/or for detoxification purposes.

Factors influencing terrestriality in primates of the Americas and Madagascar.

Among mammals, the order Primates is exceptional in having a high taxonomic richness in which the taxa are arboreal, semiterrestrial, or terrestrial. Although habitual terrestriality is pervasive among the apes and African and Asian monkeys (catarrhines), it is largely absent among monkeys of the Americas (platyrrhines), as well as galagos, lemurs, and lorises (strepsirrhines), which are mostly arboreal. Numerous ecological drivers and species-specific factors are suggested to set the conditions for an evolutionary shift from arboreality to terrestriality, and current environmental conditions may provide analogous scenarios to those transitional periods.

Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome and cannabis withdrawal syndrome: a review of the management of cannabis-related syndrome in the emergency department.

Background: Cannabis-related medical consultations are increasing worldwide, a non-negligible public health issue; patients presenting to acute care traditionally complain of abdominal pain and vomiting. Often recurrent, these frequent consultations add to the congestion of already chronically saturated emergency department(s) (ED). In order to curb this phenomenon, a specific approach for these patients is key, to enable appropriate treatment and long-term follow-up.

Southern range extension of Spix's saddle-back tamarin, , in Peru.

Peru has the highest diversity of members of the tamarin genus (Callitrichidae). However, for a number of taxa from this genus the distributional ranges are still not well known. In this paper we provide evidence for the extension of the southern range of to the right bank of the Río Abujao, south of which it is replaced by .

Fur rubbing in - an incidence of self-medication?

Fur rubbing, i.e. rubbing a substance or an object into the pelage, has been described in numerous Neotropical primate species, including species of titi monkeys, but it seems to be a rare behaviour.

On the identity of the tamarin AMNH 98303 (""; Primates: Haplorrhini: Simiiformes: Platyrrhini: Callitrichidae).

The American Museum of Natural History houses the skin of a tamarin (AMNH 98303) labelled as . However, the specimen does not match the phenotype of this taxon, now named , nor that of any other known species or subspecies of . In this note, we review past taxonomic revisions of the genus - revisions that were largely driven by the contentious species or subspecies status of the golden-mantled saddleback tamarin - and compare the phenotype of AMNH 98303 with those of other tamarins in the same genus to discuss the possible status of this specimen.

Medical students from German-speaking countries on abroad electives in Africa: destinations, motivations, trends and ethical dilemmas.

Background: International medical electives are one the highlights of medical training. Literature about international electives is scarce, and understanding what made a student choose one destination over another is unclear. Many medical students based in Europe travel to Africa each year for their elective, however, students' expectations and motivations are yet largely unexplored.

Myrmecovory in Neotropical primates.

Ants are the dominant group of animals in many habitats, particularly in tropical rainforests. High abundance and formation of large colonies convert them into a potential food source for a broad spectrum of animals. In this paper we review myrmecovory (consumption of ants) in Neotropical primates.

German-speaking medical students on international electives: an analysis of popular elective destinations and disciplines.

Background: International medical electives are a well-established part of the curriculum of many western medical schools. It is widely accepted that these electives contribute to improved clinical examination and communication skills. Overseas electives also exert a strong influence over future career decisions and often pave the way for later international work.

Corrigendum: A Severe Lack of Evidence Limits Effective Conservation of the World's Primates.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biaa082.].