Heightened mortality risk after a non-fatal opioid overdose: Risk factors for mortality in the week following emergency treatment.

Aims: To measure all-cause mortality risk after an ambulance-attended non-fatal opioid overdose and associations with number of days following attendance, and individual and clinical characteristics.

Design: A prospective observational study.

Setting: Oslo, Norway.

Manikin study showed that neonates are exposed to high sound and vibration levels during helicopter incubator transports.

Aim: This initial Norwegian study aimed to quantify the vibrations and sounds experienced by neonates when they were transported by helicopter in an incubator.

Methods: Two neonatal manikins weighing 500 and 2000 g were placed in a transport incubator and transported in an Airbus H145 D3 helicopter during standard flight profiles. The vibrations were measured on the mattress inside the incubator and the sound levels were measured inside and outside the incubator.

Reporting interhospital neonatal intensive care transport: international five-step Delphi-based template.

Objective: To develop a general and internationally applicable template of data variables for reporting interhospital neonatal intensive care transports.

Design: A five-step Delphi method.

Setting: A group of experts was guided through a formal consensus process using email.

Ascending with ultrasound: telementored eFAST in flight-a feasibility study.

Purpose: Teleultrasound uses telecommunication technologies to transmit ultrasound images from a remote location to an expert who guides the acquisition of images and interprets them in real time. Multiple studies have demonstrated the feasibility of teleultrasound. However, its application during helicopter flight using long-term evolution (LTE) for streaming has not been studied.

Comparison of three regimens with inhalational methoxyflurane versus intranasal fentanyl versus intravenous morphine in pre-hospital acute pain management: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (PreMeFen).

Background: Pre-hospital pain management has traditionally been performed with intravenous (IV) morphine, but oligoanalgesia remain a recognized problem. Pain reduction is essential for patient satisfaction and is regarded as a measure of successful treatment. We aim to establish whether non-invasive methods such as inhalation of methoxyflurane is non-inferior to intranasal fentanyl or non-inferior to the well-known IV morphine in the pre-hospital treatment of acute pain.

A man in his sixties with acute chest pain.

Background: Chest pain is a frequent symptom of acute myocardial infarction, but the cause is not always coronary atherothrombosis. We present a case where the patient himself had made a correct non-cardiac diagnosis, but this was initially overlooked by the doctor.

Case Presentation: A man with a history of cardiac infarction was admitted with acute chest pain and troponin elevation.

Pain Management with Inhalation of Methoxyflurane Administrated by Non-Medical Ski Patrol: A Quality Assessment Study.

Introduction: Pain management can be challenging, especially in remote locations where first responders are not certified health care personnel. In these settings, traditional intravenous administration of analgesics is not feasible. In this study, we explore the feasibility of using methoxyflurane as a first-line analgesic in ski-related traumas, administered by the ski patrol, acting as the municipality physician's aiding personnel.

Challenges and Risks in Out-of-Hospital Transport of Patients During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.

Objective: Norwegian critical care resources are regionalized making air ambulances transport of suspected or confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-positive patients a necessity. We prospectively observed pre- and interhospital transportation of patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 in our physician-manned emergency medical services.

Methods: This was a prospective, observational quality assurance study of primary and secondary missions conducted by 2 Norwegian air ambulances during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Severity of emergency department presentations due to acute drug toxicity in Europe: a longitudinal analysis over a 6-year period (2014-2019) stratified by sex.

Objective: To investigate whether the severity of acute recreation drug toxicity presentations to emergency departments (EDs) in Europe has changed in recent years and to uncover potential sex differences.

Design: We analysed presentations to 36 EDs in 24 European countries relating to acute recreational drug toxicity, with separate analysis for presentations involving lone use of cannabis, cocaine, and heroin. As severity markers, we calculated rates of hospitalization, admission to ICU, intubation, and death by annual quarters between 2014 and 2019.

Novel psychoactive substances-related presentations to the emergency departments of the European drug emergencies network plus (Euro-DEN plus) over the six-year period 2014-2019.

Introduction: Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) have been increasingly reported in the last 15-20 years. We aimed to describe presentations to the emergency department (ED) with acute recreational drug toxicity involving NPS.

Methods: Data were extracted from the European Drug Emergencies Network (Euro-DEN) Plus database for all presentations to ED (36 EDs in 24 European countries) with acute toxicity between January 2014 and December 2019.

Poisoning with central stimulant drugs: an observational study from Oslo, Norway.

Background: The use of central stimulant drugs causes significant morbidity. We describe poisonings with central stimulant drugs and compare the different central stimulants concerning combinations with other drugs, treatment, and clinical course.  METHODS: Patients presenting from 1 October 2013 to 31 March 2016 with poisoning related to the recreational use of central stimulant drugs were retrospectively included at a primary care emergency outpatient clinic and at a hospital emergency department in Oslo, Norway.

An enzymatic assay with formate oxidase for point-of-care diagnosis of methanol poisoning.

Gas chromatographic analysis for quantification of plasma methanol requires laboratory equipment and personnel, and it is typically unavailable in short time notice, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Detection of formate with the enzyme formate oxidase (FOX) is a promising method that can make the diagnosis of methanol poisoning simple and fast. The aims of this study were to test the sensitivity and specificity of a modified FOX-enzyme and to test the specificity of a point-of-care (POC)-model containing FOX-enzyme with samples from patients with metabolic acidosis.

Inhaled nitric oxide as temporary respiratory stabilization in patients with COVID-19 related respiratory failure (INOCOV): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: In March 2020, WHO announced the COVID-19 a pandemic and a major global public health emergency. Mortality from COVID-19 is rapidly increasing globally, with acute respiratory failure as the predominant cause of death. Many patients experience severe hypoxia and life-threatening respiratory failure often requiring mechanical ventilation.

Differences in clinical features associated with cannabis intoxication in presentations to European emergency departments according to patient age and sex.

Objective: To investigate if clinical features associated with acute cannabis intoxication in patients presenting to Emergency Departments for medical assistance differ according to patient age and sex.

Methods: We analysed presentations in the Euro-DEN Plus dataset from 2014 to 2019 in which cannabis was the only drug involved (except for alcohol), and age, sex and alcohol co-ingestion had been recorded. Age was considered as categorical (five groups; <20, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49 and ≥50 years), and sex as binary variable (male/female).