Immunogenic characterization of AlPO adsorbed Td vaccine and liposome-mediated Td vaccine.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the antigenic potency and stability of tetanus and diphtheria (Td) vaccines when combined with aluminum phosphate (AlPO) and liposome adjuvants.

Materials And Methods: and analyses were conducted using the single radial immunodiffusion method and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The Td vaccines were prepared with AlPO adsorption and liposome-mediated delivery, and protein antigens were characterized using these methods.

Of mitochondrion and COVID-19.

COVID-19, a pandemic disease caused by a viral infection, is associated with a high mortality rate. Most of the signs and symptoms, e.g.

Pathogenesis and Management of COVID-19.

COVID-19, occurring due to SARS-COV-2 infection, is the most recent pandemic disease that has led to three million deaths at the time of writing. A great deal of effort has been directed towards altering the virus trajectory and/or managing the interactions of the virus with its subsequent targets in the human body; these interactions can lead to a chain reaction-like state manifested by a cytokine storm and progress to multiple organ failure. During cytokine storms the ratio of pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory mediators is generally increased, which contributes to the instigation of hyper-inflammation and confers advantages to the virus.

The Pentose Phosphate Pathway Dynamics in Cancer and Its Dependency on Intracellular pH.

The Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) is one of the key metabolic pathways occurring in living cells to produce energy and maintain cellular homeostasis. Cancer cells have higher cytoplasmic utilization of glucose (glycolysis), even in the presence of oxygen; this is known as the "Warburg Effect". However, cytoplasmic glucose utilization can also occur in cancer through the PPP.

The Interplay of Dysregulated pH and Electrolyte Imbalance in Cancer.

Cancer cells and tissues have an aberrant regulation of hydrogen ion dynamics driven by a combination of poor vascular perfusion, regional hypoxia, and increased the flux of carbons through fermentative glycolysis. This leads to extracellular acidosis and intracellular alkalinization. Dysregulated pH dynamics influence cancer cell biology, from cell transformation and tumorigenesis to proliferation, local growth, invasion, and metastasis.

Advances in Nanoparticles as Anticancer Drug Delivery Vector: Need of this Century.

Background: Nanotechnology has contributed a great deal to the field of medical science. Smart drugdelivery vectors, combined with stimuli-based characteristics, are becoming increasingly important. The use of external and internal stimulating factors can have enormous benefits and increase the targeting efficiency of nanotechnology platforms.

Antioxidant Properties of Solenostemma argel Effervescent Tablets.

Objective: In the present study, Solenostemma argel effervescent tablets were prepared from Argel methanolic extract.

Methods: The tablets were examined for their ability to impede carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced lipid peroxidation in mice liver. The antioxidant activities of the enzymes; super-oxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GS-PX) along with malondialdehyde level were tested in liver tissues.

Attitudes and practices of community pharmacists and barriers to their participation in public health activities in Yemen: mind the gap.

Background: Patients in Yemen commonly visit community pharmacies to obtain consultation or treatment for common ailments. Community pharmacists have an opportunity to optimize medication use and improve patient outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the attitudes and practices of community pharmacists regarding their participation in public health activities and barriers to their participation in these activities.

Linking Aromatic Hydroxy Metabolic Functionalization of Drug Molecules to Structure and Pharmacologic Activity.

Drug functionalization through the formation of hydrophilic groups is the norm in the phase I metabolism of drugs for the modification of drug action. The reactions involved are mainly oxidative, catalyzed mostly by cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes. The benzene ring, whether phenyl or fused with other rings, is the most common hydrophobic pharmacophoric moiety in drug molecules.

Target urinary analytes for the gas chromatographic- mass spectrometric detection of procyclidine and benzhexol in drug abuse cases.

The two antiparkinsonian drugs procyclidine and benzhexol are presently finding considerable favor for their euphoric hallucinogenic effects among drug abusers in some countries. In anticipation of their possible scheduling in national drug laws, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods for their detection in urine will be required. However, because of uncertainty of the metabolic fate of the two drugs in humans, the urinary target analytes for GC-MS detection were not well defined.

Professional practices and perception towards rational use of medicines according to WHO methodology in United Arab Emirates.

Unlabelled: Inappropriate prescribing reduces the quality of medical care and leads to a waste of resources. No study has been reported concerning rational drug use in United Arab Emirates, UAE, recently.

Objectives: assessing patterns of use and defining problems regarding the rational drug use.

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry designation and prediction of metabolic dealkylation and hydroxylation reactions in xenobiotics exemplified by tramadol.

Metabolic dealkylation and hydroxylation reactions in xenobiotics are common and may take place at different sites in the molecules. Sometimes confusion may arise as to the nature and site of the resulting metabolic change when there is more than one potential site. The use of GC-MS in resolving the problem has been demonstrated by using tramadol as example.