Her9 controls the stemness properties of hindbrain boundary cells.

The different spatiotemporal distribution of progenitor and neurogenic capacities permits that brain regions engage asynchronously in neurogenesis. In the hindbrain, rhombomere progenitor cells contribute to neurons during the first neurogenic phase, whereas boundary cells participate later. To analyze what maintains boundary cells as non-neurogenic progenitors, we addressed the role of Her9, a zebrafish Hes1-related protein.

The neurogenic fate of the hindbrain boundaries relies on Notch3-dependent asymmetric cell divisions.

Elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate the balance between progenitor cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the construction of the embryonic brain demands the combination of cell lineage and functional approaches. Here, we generate the comprehensive lineage of hindbrain boundary cells by using a CRISPR-based knockin zebrafish transgenic line that specifically labels the boundaries. We unveil that boundary cells asynchronously engage in neurogenesis undergoing a functional transition from neuroepithelial progenitors to radial glia cells, coinciding with the onset of Notch3 signaling that triggers their asymmetrical cell division.

Covid-19 in unequal societies.

We document the heterogeneous effect of Covid-19 on health and economic outcomes across socioeconomic strata in Bogotá. We assess its distributional impact and evaluate policy counterfactuals in a heterogeneous agent quantitative dynamic general equilibrium model intertwined with a behavioral epidemiological model.

The mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel controls endosome trafficking for an efficient cytokinetic abscission.

Mechanical forces are exerted throughout cytokinesis, the final step of cell division. Yet, how forces are transduced and affect the signaling dynamics of cytokinetic proteins remains poorly characterized. We now show that the mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel is activated at the intercellular bridge (ICB) connecting daughter cells to regulate abscission.

Genome-wide phenotypic RNAi screen in the Drosophila wing: global parameters.

We have screened a collection of UAS-RNAi lines targeting 10,920 Drosophila protein-coding genes for phenotypes in the adult wing. We identified 3653 genes (33%) whose knockdown causes either larval/pupal lethality or a mutant phenotype affecting the formation of a normal wing. The most frequent phenotypes consist of changes in wing size, vein differentiation, and patterning, defects in the wing margin and in the apposition of the dorsal and ventral wing surfaces.

Genome-wide phenotypic RNAi screen in the Drosophila wing: phenotypic description of functional classes.

The Drosophila genome contains approximately 14,000 protein-coding genes encoding all the necessary information to sustain cellular physiology, tissue organization, organism development, and behavior. In this manuscript, we describe in some detail the phenotypes in the adult fly wing generated after knockdown of approximately 80% of Drosophila genes. We combined this phenotypic description with a comprehensive molecular classification of the Drosophila proteins into classes that summarize the main expected or known biochemical/functional aspect of each protein.

Effect of preoperative exercise on vascular caliber and maturation of arteriovenous fistula: the physicalfav trial, a randomized controlled study.

Background And Objectives: Autologous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the best vascular access for hemodialysis. Distal forearm radiocephalic fistula is the best option, although the primary failure rate ranges from 20% to 50%. The main objective of the PHYSICALFAV trial was to evaluate the effect of preoperative isometric exercise on vascular caliber, percentage of distal arteriovenous fistula, and primary failure rate.

Yap/Taz-TEAD activity links mechanical cues to progenitor cell behavior during zebrafish hindbrain segmentation.

Cells perceive their microenvironment through chemical and physical cues. However, how the mechanical signals are interpreted during embryonic tissue deformation to result in specific cell behaviors is largely unknown. The Yap/Taz family of transcriptional co-activators has emerged as an important regulator of tissue growth and regeneration, responding to physical cues from the extracellular matrix, and to cell shape and actomyosin cytoskeletal changes.

Rationale and design of the PHYSICALFAV trial: a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of preoperative isometric exercise on vascular calibre and maturation of autologous arteriovenous fistulas.

Background: A good vascular access (VA) is vital for haemodialysis (HD) patients. HD with an autologous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is associated with higher survival, lower health care costs and fewer complications. Although a distal forearm AVF is the best option, not all patients are good candidates for this approach and the primary failure rate ranges from 20% to 50%.

A Search for Genes Mediating the Growth-Promoting Function of TGFβ in the Wing Disc.

Transforming Growth Factor β (TGFβ) signaling has a complex influence on cell proliferation, acting to stop cell division in differentiating cells, but also promoting cell division in immature cells. The activity of the pathway in is mostly required to stimulate the proliferation of neural and epithelial tissues. Most interestingly, this function is not absolutely required for cell division, but it is needed for these tissues to reach their correct size.

Activation and function of TGFβ signalling during Drosophila wing development and its interactions with the BMP pathway.

The development of the Drosophila wing disc requires the activities of the BMP and TGFβ signalling pathways. BMP signalling is critical for the correct growth and patterning of the disc, whereas the related TGFβ pathway is mostly required for growth. The BMP and TGFβ pathways share a common co-receptor (Punt) and a nuclear effector (Medea), and consequently it is likely that these pathways can interfere with each other during normal development.

Peritoneal dialysis in the comprehensive management of end-stage renal disease patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites: practical aspects and review of the literature.

The treatment of cirrhotic patients with ascites and end-stage renal disease is complex, due mainly to decreased effective arterial volume and hemodynamic instability. Peritoneal dialysis as a continuous therapy represents an alternative to hemodialysis-related intolerance. We report on our experience and that of others with cirrhotic patients with ascites treated by peritoneal dialysis.

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis due to a relapsing non-Hodgkin's lymphoma diagnosed by positron emission tomography.

Glomerulonephritis rarely appears associated with Hodgkin's disease or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). We present a patient with a relapse of a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma which first presented as nephrotic syndrome due to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). This case report discusses the unusual association of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, as well as the crucial role of positron emission tomography in detecting the relapsing lymphoma.

Inherent high peritoneal transport and ultrafiltration deficiency: their mid-term clinical relevance.

Background: High peritoneal transport has been associated with poorer outcome in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, but not necessarily because of PD-dependent conditions. Our primary objective was to analyse the influences of baseline peritoneal small solute transport and ultrafiltration (UF) capacity on patient and technique survival, after adjusting for comorbid conditions. A secondary objective was to determine whether high transport was associated with basal comorbidity.

Risk of technique failure and death in fungal peritonitis is determined mainly by duration on peritoneal dialysis: single-center experience of 24 years.

Fungal peritonitis (FP) is an infrequent cause of peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis (PD), but it has high morbidity and mortality. We analyzed the experience with FP in a single PD unit over a 24-year period. We identified 671 episodes of peritonitis that occurred in 496 patients during the study period.

[Pasteurella multocida and Candida albicans peritonitis].

Peritonitis is a well-known complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) treatment. Repetitive episodes may induce an irreversible damage of the peritoneal membrane and are a frequent cause of PD drop-out. The great majority of the episodes are due to Staphylococci, Streptococci or gram- negative organisms.

Factors influencing peritoneal transport parameters during the first year on peritoneal dialysis: peritonitis is the main factor.

Background: Studies on the evolution of peritoneal transport during the first year of peritoneal dialysis (PD) are scarce and their results are contradictory. The aim of the present study was to analyse the evolution of peritoneal transport and residual renal function during the first year on PD, and to determine the factors that may influence them.

Methods: We studied 249 patients on continuous ambulatory PD with glucose exchange solutions (117 men, 132 women, mean age 51.

Ultrafiltration and small solute transport at initiation of PD: questioning the paradigm of peritoneal function.

Background: Human peritoneal function on commencing peritoneal dialysis (PD) is not yet adequately understood. The objective of this study was to determine peritoneal functional patterns on commencing PD.

Methods: 367 end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on PD for the first time were studied between their initial second to sixth weeks on PD.

Myofibroblastic differentiation in simple peritoneal sclerosis.

Objective: To analyze the presence of myofibroblasts in a series of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients with simple sclerosis and non-PD, uremic patients. Since there is a close correlation between active fibrosis and myofibroblastic differentiation we wanted to test if myofibroblasts are present in uremic, non-PD peritoneal samples. To determine if there are correlations between myofibroblastic presence and other functional and morphologic peritoneal parameters.

Treatment of anorexia and malnutrition in peritoneal dialysis patients with megestrol acetate.

Anorexia and malnutrition are common complications and powerful predictors of morbidity and mortality in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Megestrol acetate (MA) is a progestogen that has been demonstrated to increase appetite and weight in patients with cancer or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. To determine whether MA might benefit PD patients, we treated 32 patients with 160 mg MA daily.

Risk factors for abdominal wall complications in peritoneal dialysis patients.

Background: Patients treated with peritoneal dialysis (PD) have increased intra-abdominal pressure and a high prevalence of abdominal wall complications.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of hernias and peritoneal leaks in our PD patients and to investigate their potential risk factors.

Patients: We studied 142 unselected patients treated with PD during the past 5 years, including those that were already on PD and those that started PD during this period.

[Recurrence and spontaneous remission of nephrotic syndrome in secondary renal amyloidosis].

Secondary systemic amyloidosis (AA) occurs in association with chronic inflammatory disorders and chronic infections. Regression can occur after therapeutically induced remission of the underlying disease; spontaneous remissions has been reported infrequently. We report a 61 year-old woman, with antecedent pulmonary tuberculosis, who developed a nephrotic syndrome at the time of a respiratory infection.

[Use of icodextrin for diurnal exchange in patients undergoing automatic peritoneal dialysis. Comparison with glucose solutions].

Icodextrin (IC) is an osmotic agent that produces sustained ultrafiltration (UF) during long dwell time periods in peritoneal dialysis patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 7.5% IC for the diurnal exchange in automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) patients and to compare them with that of 2.