Residues of dry cow antimicrobials in colostrum and extended-spectrum and AmpC β-lactamaseproducing Escherichia coli in feces from young dairy calves.

The duration of excretion of dry cow antimicrobials is hard to predict and therefore the level of antimicrobial residues in colostrum can differ considerably between cows. The feeding of colostrum with antimicrobial residues to newborn calves may lead to antimicrobial resistance in calves. The aim of this study was to quantify the prevalence and residue level of dry cow antimicrobials in colostrum from dairy cows.

Interference between genotypes from the peritonitis syndrome given simultaneously to productive SPF White Leghorn hens by intratracheal inoculation.

The purpose of the present study was to examine if potentiation of mortality occurred after simultaneous administration of several genotypes, each capable of inducing the peritonitis syndrome, in comparison with single genotype application. Five groups of productive specified pathogen free White Leghorn hens were housed in isolators. Groups 1-4 consisted of 32 hens each, group 5 of 10 hens.

Recommendation of a standardized broth microdilution method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of and resistance monitoring.

Unlabelled: This study aimed to develop a method for standardized broth microdilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of (.) , the causative agent of infectious coryza in chickens. For this, a total of 83 isolates and strains were collected from 15 countries.

A Pullorum outbreak with neurological signs in adult layers and outbreak investigation using whole genome sequencing.

Cerebral granulomas are associated with nervous signs in Pullorum outbreak.Bone marrow is also a recommended tissue for isolation of Pullorum.Rapid plate agglutination test detects Pullorum antibodies in a vaccinated flock.

Molecular characterization of the gene of and the proposition of a new genotyping method as alternative for classical serotyping.

is the aetiological agent of infectious coryza (IC) in chickens and characterized by acute respiratory distress and severe drop in egg production. Vaccination is important in the control of IC outbreaks and the efficacy of vaccination is dependent on serovars included in the vaccine. Classical serotyping of is laborious and hampered by poor availability of antigens and antisera.

Prevalence of extended-spectrum and AmpC β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in young calves on Dutch dairy farms.

In young calves on dairy farms the animal prevalence of extended-spectrum and AmpC β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL/AmpC-EC) is significantly higher compared with the animal prevalence in young stock and dairy cows. Hitherto it was unknown at what age antimicrobial resistant bacteria appear for the first time in the gut of calves on dairy farms, and how long these infections persist. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of ESBL/AmpC-EC, the number of excreted ESBL/AmpC-EC (in cfu/g of feces), as well as the ESBL/AmpC genotypes in young dairy calves (0-21 d of age) and the variation of these parameters between calves of different ages.

Antimicrobial resistance monitoring in commensal and clinical Escherichia coli from broiler chickens: Differences and similarities.

Background: In the Netherlands, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is monitored in commensal indicator Escherichia coli from healthy broilers at slaughter as part of a European monitoring programme. In a separate programme for poultry health, AMR is monitored in veterinary pathogens from diseased broilers. So far, it is unknown how the outcomes of these two AMR monitoring approaches in the same animal population are associated.

Review and Analysis of National Monitoring Systems for Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Bacterial Pathogens in Europe: A Basis for the Development of the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network in Veterinary Medicine (EARS-Vet).

The monitoring of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacterial pathogens of animals is not currently coordinated at European level. To fill this gap, experts of the European Union Joint Action on Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections (EU-JAMRAI) recommended building the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance network in Veterinary medicine (EARS-Vet). In this study, we (i) identified national monitoring systems for AMR in bacterial pathogens of animals (both companion and food-producing) among 27 countries affiliated to EU-JAMRAI, (ii) described their structures and operations, and (iii) analyzed their respective strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT).

Defining the scope of the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance network in Veterinary medicine (EARS-Vet): a bottom-up and One Health approach.

Background: Building the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance network in Veterinary medicine (EARS-Vet) was proposed to strengthen the European One Health antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance approach.

Objectives: To define the combinations of animal species/production types/age categories/bacterial species/specimens/antimicrobials to be monitored in EARS-Vet.

Methods: The EARS-Vet scope was defined by consensus between 26 European experts.

Identification, HPG2 Sequence Analysis, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Isolates Obtained from Outbreaks of Infectious Coryza in Commercial Layers in Sonora State, Mexico.

This is the first extensive report on the identification and characterization of (AVP) isolates obtained from outbreaks of infectious coryza (IC) in IC-vaccinated layer flocks from Sonora State in Mexico. Isolates obtained from IC outbreaks during the years 2007, 2014, 2015, 2017, and 2019 were identified by conventional PCR test and 16S rRNA gene analysis, serotyped by Page serotyping and genotyped by the recently described partial sequence analysis of the HPG2 region. Furthermore, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were determined by a recently improved minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) test.

Development and evaluation of 4 loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays to detect mastitis-causing bacteria in bovine milk samples.

Farmers prefer fast, sensitive, and on-site tests for treatment decisions on mastitis. Due to the time to results of the currently available diagnostic tools, these are rarely used for that purpose. Genotypic tests that do not require a growth step may be suitable for on-site testing, for example loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), which has been described as a sensitive test that can be used on-site.

Zoonotic risks of pathogens from sheep and their milk borne transmission.

Sheep were domesticated around 9000 BC in the Middle East, and since then milk from sheep gradually became very popular, not only for drinking but also for making cheeses and other dairy products. Nowadays, these dairy products are also important for people with an allergy to cow milk, and these products are an essential part of the local daily diet in regions of the world that are not suitable for cows and goats. Consumption of raw milk and raw milk products has a zoonotic risk, and with regard to sheep, the main pathogens associated with such dairy products are: , spp.

Identification and characterization of Dutch isolates and the implications for diagnostics.

This study reports the results of diagnostic and molecular typing methods for 18 isolates obtained from outbreaks of infectious coryza in commercial layer flocks in the Netherlands. Isolation, biochemical identification, species-specific PCR tests and classical serotyping were performed. In addition, molecular typing by Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus-Based Polymerase Chain Reaction (ERIC-PCR) and sequence analysis of the partial HPG2 region of were applied and results of both techniques were compared.

Prevalence of extended-spectrum and AmpC β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Dutch dairy herds.

This study was conducted to assess: (1) a change in between-herd prevalence of extended-spectrum and AmpC β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL/AmpC-EC) between 2011 and 2013, the period during which the antimicrobial policy in animal husbandry in the Netherlands changed significantly, and (2) the prevalence of ESBL/AmpC-EC in individual calves, young stock, and dairy cows in the Netherlands. In 196 randomly selected conventional dairy herds, faecal samples were collected from calves (maximum n = 15), and randomly selected young stock (n = 5) and dairy cows (n = 15). Additionally, fresh faecal samples were collected from five different places on the floors where the dairy cows were housed.

Systematically Developing a Web-Based Tailored Intervention Promoting HPV-Vaccination Acceptability Among Mothers of Invited Girls Using Intervention Mapping.

Currently, the eHealth field calls for detailed descriptions of theory-based interventions in order to support improved design of such interventions. This article aims to provide a systematic description of the design rationale behind an interactive web-based tailored intervention promoting HPV-vaccination acceptability. The 6-step Intervention Mapping (IM) protocol was used to describe the design rationale.

Agreement between four commercial diagnostic tests and routine bacteriological culture of milk to determine the udder infection status of dairy cows.

Mastitis is usually treated based on clinical signs or somatic cell count information rather than on results of bacteriological culture of milk. In many countries an optimal mastitis treatment is considered important from the perspective of therapy efficacy, prudent antimicrobial use and farm economics. Farmers can optimize their mastitis treatment decisions if they know whether and which mastitis pathogen is involved.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Avibacterium paragallinarum isolates from outbreaks of infectious coryza in Dutch commercial poultry flocks, 2008-2017.

The objective of the present study was to determine the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Avibacterium paragallinarum isolates from infectious coryza outbreaks in Dutch commercial poultry, from 2008 till mid-2017. By using a broth microdilution method, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 15 antimicrobial agents were assessed, and MIC and MIC values were determined. Additionally, isolates were subjected to different PCRs for the presence of genes that may confer antimicrobial resistance.

Molecular relatedness of ESBL/AmpC-producing Escherichia coli from humans, animals, food and the environment: a pooled analysis.

Background: In recent years, ESBL/AmpC-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL/AmpC-EC) have been isolated with increasing frequency from animals, food, environmental sources and humans. With incomplete and scattered evidence, the contribution to the human carriage burden from these reservoirs remains unclear.

Objectives: To quantify molecular similarities between different reservoirs as a first step towards risk attribution.

Development of a Typhimurium challenge model in weaned pigs to evaluate effects of water and feed interventions on fecal shedding and growth performance.

The aim of this study was to develop a Typhimurium (ST) challenge model in weaned pigs suitable to evaluate effects of water and feed interventions on fecal shedding and growth performance. Two studies were performed. In Exp.

An intra-laboratory cultural and real-time PCR method comparison and evaluation for the detection of subclinical paratuberculosis in dairy herds.

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is a vigorous microorganism which causes incurable chronic enteritis, Johne's disease (JD) in cattle. A target of control programmes for JD is to accurately detect MAP-infected cattle early to reduce disease transmission.

Prevalence and risk factors for extended-spectrum β-lactamase or AmpC-producing Escherichia coli in organic dairy herds in the Netherlands.

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase and AmpC-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL/AmpC) are an emerging problem and are hypothesized to be associated with antimicrobial use (AMU), and more specifically with the use of third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins. Whether ESBL/AmpC also occur in organic dairy herds, which have restricted AMU, is not known. Additionally, it is unknown whether, in addition to restricted AMU, other factors in organic herd management are associated with ESBL/AmpC herd status.

Prevalence and risk factors for extended-spectrum β-lactamase- and AmpC-producing Escherichia coli in dairy farms.

A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and plasmid-mediated AmpC-producing Escherichia coli and associated risk factors in dairy herds. One hundred dairy herds were randomly selected and sampled to study the presence of ESBL- and AmpC-producing E. coli in slurry samples.