Rare Case of a Turner Syndrome Patient with Metastatic Dysgerminoma and No Y-Chromosomal Material with Pathogenic Variants Found in KIT and MTOR.

Introduction: The presence of Y-chromosomal material in females with Turner syndrome (TS) is a well-established risk factor for developing gonadoblastoma and malignant transformations thereof. However, these events are rarely seen in TS patients with no Y-chromosomal material. Thus, it is the current understanding that parts of the Y-chromosome are essential for the malignant transformation of gonadoblastoma in the dysgenetic gonad.

Unrelated helpers in a primitively eusocial wasp: is helping tailored towards direct fitness?

The paper wasp Polistes dominulus is unique among the social insects in that nearly one-third of co-foundresses are completely unrelated to the dominant individual whose offspring they help to rear and yet reproductive skew is high. These unrelated subordinates stand to gain direct fitness through nest inheritance, raising the question of whether their behaviour is adaptively tailored towards maximizing inheritance prospects. Unusually, in this species, a wealth of theory and empirical data allows us to predict how unrelated subordinates should behave.

Inhibition of histone deacetylases by chlamydocin induces apoptosis and proteasome-mediated degradation of survivin.

The naturally occurring cyclic tetrapeptide chlamydocin is a very potent inhibitor of cell proliferation. Here we show that chlamydocin is a highly potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, inhibiting HDAC activity in vitro with an IC(50) of 1.3 nM.

Inhibition of all-TRANS-retinoic acid metabolism by R116010 induces antitumour activity.

All-trans-retinoic acid is a potent inhibitor of cell proliferation and inducer of differentiation. However, the clinical use of all-trans-retinoic acid in the treatment of cancer is significantly hampered by its toxicity and the prompt emergence of resistance, believed to be caused by increased all-trans-retinoic acid metabolism. Inhibitors of all-trans-retinoic acid metabolism may therefore prove valuable in the treatment of cancer.

The antiproliferative activity of all-trans-retinoic acid catabolites and isomers is differentially modulated by liarozole-fumarate in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.

The clinical use of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) in the treatment of cancer is significantly hampered by the prompt emergence of resistance, believed to be caused by increased ATRA catabolism. Inhibitors of ATRA catabolism may therefore prove valuable for cancer therapy. Liarozole-fumarate is an anti-tumour drug that inhibits the cytochrome P450-dependent catabolism of ATRA.

All-trans-retinoic acid metabolites significantly inhibit the proliferation of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in vitro.

All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) is well known to inhibit the proliferation of human breast cancer cells. Much less is known about the antiproliferative activity of the naturally occurring metabolites and isomers of ATRA. In the present study, we investigated the antiproliferative activity of ATRA, its physiological catabolites 4-oxo-ATRA and 5,6-epoxy-ATRA and isomers 9-cis-RA and 13-cis-RA in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation.

Fluorescein-labeled tyramide strongly enhances the detection of low bromodeoxyuridine incorporation levels.

Immunocytochemical detection of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling can be hampered by low BrdU incorporation levels. We describe here an amplification method for weak BrdU immunosignals. The tyramide signal amplification method based on catalyzed reporter deposition (CARD) uses fluorescein-labeled tyramide as a substrate for horseradish peroxidase.

Liarozole potentiates the all-trans-retinoic acid-induced structural remodelling in human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells in vitro.

Liarozole inhibits cytochrome P-450-dependent enzymes that play a key role in all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) catabolism. In MCF-7 cells, liarozole potentiates the antiproliferative effects of ATRA. The present study demonstrates this synergistic effect on cell differentiation of MCF-7 cell cultures as measured by immunocytochemistry for cytokeratins 8, 18, and 19, actin, E-cadherin, desmoglein and desmoplakins I & II.

Differential automatic zero-adjusting amplifier.

A method is described for building a low-voltage-drift differential dc amplifier featuring automatic zero adjustment, a high input impedance, and a bandwidth of 10 kHz. This is achieved by an asymmetric two-step process between the input signal and ground. Bandwidth can be extended by the use of a second amplifier during the ground-sampling time.