Human embryonic stem cell-derived cerebral organoids for treatment of mild traumatic brain injury in a mouse model.

Objective: There are no effective treatments for relieving neuronal dysfunction after mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). Here, we evaluated therapeutic efficacy of human embryonic stem cell-derived cerebral organoids (hCOs) in a mild TBI model, in terms of repair of damaged cortical regions, neurogenesis, and improved cognitive function.

Methods: Male C57BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into sham-operated, mild TBI, and mild TBI with hCO groups.

Novel Genome-Wide Interactions Mediated via BOLL and EDNRA Polymorphisms in Intracranial Aneurysm.

Objective: The association between boule (BOLL) and endothelin receptor type A (EDNRA) loci and intracranial aneurysm (IA) formation has been reported via genome-wide association studies. We sought to identify genome-wide interactions involving BOLL and EDNRA loci for IA in a Korean adult cohort.

Methods: Genome-wide pairwise interaction analyses of BOLL and EDNRA involving 250 patients with IA and 296 controls were performed using the additive effect model after adjusting for confounding factors.

Association of Haptoglobin Phenotypes with Outcomes in Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Object: We aimed to investigate the association of Haptoglobin (Hp) phenotypes with perihematomal edema (PHE) and neurological outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

Methods: This prospective multicenter study enrolled patients that suffered ICH from March 2017 to February 2020. Hp phenotypes were determined using Western blotting; relative α1 intensity was calculated in patients with Hp2-1.

Genome-wide polygenic risk impact on intracranial aneurysms and acute ischemic stroke.

Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) have an important relevance to approaches for clinical usage in intracranial aneurysm (IA) patients. Hence, we aimed to develop IA-predicting PRS models including the genetic basis shared with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in Korean populations. We applied a weighted PRS (wPRS) model based on a previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 250 IA patients in a hospital-based multicenter cohort, 222 AIS patients in a validation study, and 296 shared controls.

Fine-mapping of intracranial aneurysm susceptibility based on a genome-wide association study.

In addition to conventional genome-wide association studies (GWAS), a fine-mapping analysis is increasingly used to identify the genetic function of variants associated with disease susceptibilities. Here, we used a fine-mapping approach to evaluate candidate variants based on a previous GWAS involving patients with intracranial aneurysm (IA). A fine-mapping analysis was conducted based on the chromosomal data provided by a GWAS of 250 patients diagnosed with IA and 296 controls using posterior inclusion probability (PIP) and log10 transformed Bayes factor (log10BF).

Influence of renal impairment on neurologic outcomes following mechanical thrombectomy in acute vertebrobasilar stroke.

Purpose: Renal impairment (RI) has been regarded as a risk factor for unfavorable neurologic outcomes after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in acute ischemic stroke. However, most of the previous studies were conducted on patients with anterior circulation stroke. Accordingly, the influence of RI on MT outcomes has not been well elucidated in detail in acute vertebrobasilar stroke.

Mitochondrial dysfunction associated with autophagy and mitophagy in cerebrospinal fluid cells of patients with delayed cerebral ischemia following subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was observed in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) accompanied by delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). However, whether abnormal mechanisms of mitochondria are associated with the development of DCI has not been reported yet. Under cerebral ischemia, mitochondria can transfer into the extracellular space.

The Role of Consecutive Plasma Copeptin Levels in the Screening of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia in Poor-Grade Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

The prognostic value of copeptin in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has been reported, but the prognosis was largely affected by the initial clinical severity. Thus, the previous studies are not very useful in predicting delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) in poor-grade SAH patients. Here, we first investigated the feasibility of predicting DCI in poor-grade SAH based on consecutive measurements of plasma copeptin.

Multi-View Convolutional Neural Networks in Rupture Risk Assessment of Small, Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms.

Auto-detection of cerebral aneurysms via convolutional neural network (CNN) is being increasingly reported. However, few studies to date have accurately predicted the risk, but not the diagnosis itself. We developed a multi-view CNN for the prediction of rupture risk involving small unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) based on three-dimensional (3D) digital subtraction angiography (DSA).

Genome-wide blood DNA methylation analysis in patients with delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Little is known about the epigenetic changes associated with delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) pathogenesis after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Here, we investigated genome-wide DNA methylation profiles specifically associated with DCI, which is a major contributor to poor clinical outcomes. An epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were conducted in 40 SAH patients (DCI, n = 13; non-DCI, n = 27).

A randomized comparison of estimated radiation exposure between Low and conventional dose protocol during invasive coronary angiography (ERICA trial): Pilot study.

Purpose: Radiation exposure during coronary angiography is potentially harmful to patients and operators. However, there are limited data on the effects of a low-dose radiation angiography. We evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of a reduced radiation dose protocol during invasive coronary angiography.

Machine Learning Application for Rupture Risk Assessment in Small-Sized Intracranial Aneurysm.

The assessment of rupture probability is crucial to identifying at risk intracranial aneurysms (IA) in patients harboring multiple aneurysms. We aimed to develop a computer-assisted detection system for small-sized aneurysm ruptures using a convolutional neural network (CNN) based on images of three-dimensional digital subtraction angiography. A retrospective data set, including 368 patients, was used as a training cohort for the CNN using the TensorFlow platform.

The Effects of Balloon-Guide Catheters on Outcomes after Mechanical Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Strokes : A Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Mechanical thrombectomies with balloon-guide catheters (BGC) are thought to improve successful recanalization rates and to decrease the incidence of distal emboli compared to thrombectomies without BGC. We aimed to assess the effects of BGC on the outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic strokes.

Methods: Studies from PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library database from January 2010 to February 2018 were reviewed.

miR-1307-3p Stimulates Breast Cancer Development and Progression by Targeting SMYD4.

Recent studies show that dysregulated miRNAs play an important role in breast cancer initiation and progression. Here, we identified upregulated expression of miR-1307-3p in breast cancer tissues and that increased level of miR-1307-3p was closely correlated with lower survival rate in breast cancer patients. Consistent with clinical data, our data show that expression level of miR-1307-3p was significantly increased in breast cancer cell lines compared to human mammary epithelial cell line MCF10A.

Clazosentan for Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Updated Meta-Analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis.

Objective: Clazosentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist, reduced vasospasm and delayed ischemic neurologic deficit (DIND) but did not improve outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in clinical trials. However, a lack of dose-dependent analysis and potential overestimation of clazosentan's effect are concerning. We used stratified analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA) of existing data to investigate the effects of clazosentan on SAH outcome.

The Incidence of Hydrocephalus and Shunting in Patients with Angiogram-Negative Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: An Updated Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the incidence of hydrocephalus and implanted shunts in angiogram-negative subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) according to hemorrhage patterns: perimesencephalic SAH (PMH) versus non-PMH.

Methods: The online database literature from January 1990 to November 2017 was systematically reviewed. A fixed-effect model was used when heterogeneity was <50%.

Ultrasonographic optic nerve sheath diameter to detect increased intracranial pressure in adults: a meta-analysis.

Background: The optimal optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) cut-off for identifying increased intracranial pressure (IICP) remains unclear in adult patients.

Purpose: To validate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonographic (US) ONSD > 5.0 mm as a cut-off for detecting IICP by computed tomographic (CT) through a meta-analysis.

Optic nerve sheath diameter threshold by ocular ultrasonography for detection of increased intracranial pressure in Korean adult patients with brain lesions.

Optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) seen on ocular US has been associated with increased intracranial pressure (IICP). However, most studies have analyzed normal range of ONSD and its optimal cut-off point for IICP in Caucasian populations. Considering ONSD differences according to ethnicity, previous results may not accurately reflect the association between IICP and ONSD in Koreans.

Primary oesophageal small cell carcinoma initially manifestating as purulent pericardiac effusion.

This article reports a case of primary oesophageal small cell carcinoma with a large amount of purulent pericardial effusion due to oesophageal rupture. The patient was treated with chemotherapy, which resulted in a marked decrease in the size of the oesophageal mass and partial resolving of metastatic lymphadenopathy.

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients treated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: focus on survival rate and neurologic outcome.

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a useful treatment for refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, little is known about the predictors of survival and neurologic outcome after ECMO. We analyzed our institution's experience with ECMO for refractory OHCA and evaluated the predictors of survival and neurologic outcome after ECMO.

Transarterial chemoembolization in Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Stage 0/A hepatocellular carcinoma.

Aim: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage 0 and A hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).

Methods: Between January 2001 and September 2011, 129 patients with BCLC stage 0 and stage A HCC who underwent TACE were retrospectively enrolled. Patient characteristics, routine computed tomography and TACE findings, survival time and 1-, 5-, and 10-year survival rates, risk factors for mortality, and survival rates according to the number of risk factors were assessed.

Comparison of emergency cranial CT interpretation between radiology residents and neuroradiologists: transverse versus three-dimensional images.

Purpose: Three-dimensional (3D) reformatted images provide a more inclusive representation of abnormalities than transverse images in cranial computed tomography (CT). The purpose of this study was to assess the value of 3D reformations for radiology residents in the interpretation of emergency cranial CTs.

Materials And Methods: In total, 218 consecutive patients who underwent emergency cranial CT scans with 3D reformation were included in this retrospective study.

Incidental thyroid lesions identified by ultrasound in patients with non-thyroidal head and neck cancer.

Background: Thyroid cancer is one of the common head and neck malignancies and may be found incidentally with other head and neck cancers.

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence and risk of malignancy in incidental thyroid lesions identified by ultrasound (US) in patients with head and neck cancer.

Material And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of all patients with head and neck cancer other than of thyroid origin between January 2004 and December 2011.

Re-endovascular recanalization for acute middle cerebral artery reocclusion after surgical embolectomy.

A 62-year-old woman with atrial fibrillation underwent burr hole trephination for a chronic subdural hematoma. Two days later the patient suddenly presented with motor dysphasia and slightly decreased motor power. Time of flight MR angiography revealed distal M1 occlusion without diffusion restriction.