High-Speed Fluorescence Imaging Corroborates Biological Data on the Influence of Different Nozzle Types on Cell Spray Viability and Formation.

Treating severe dermal disruptions often presents significant challenges. Recent advancements have explored biological cell sprays as a promising treatment, but their success hinges on efficient cell delivery and complete wound coverage. This requires a good spray distribution with a small droplet size, high particle number, and ample surface coverage.

Engineering and Transplantation of Axially Vascularized and Epithelialized Flaps in Rats.

The arteriovenous loop (AVL) model allows the engineering of axially vascularized flaps, the so-called AVL flaps. Although AVL flaps can be transplanted microsurgically to cover tissue defects, they lack an epithelial layer on the surface. Therefore, the objective of this study was to engineer axially vascularized AVL flaps with an accompanying epithelial layer for local defect reconstruction.

Genotype List String 1.1: Extending the Genotype List String grammar for describing HLA and Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor genotypes.

The Genotype List (GL) String grammar for reporting HLA and Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR) genotypes in a text string was described in 2013. Since this initial description, GL Strings have been used to describe HLA and KIR genotypes for more than 40 million subjects, allowing these data to be recorded, stored and transmitted in an easily parsed, text-based format. After a decade of working with HLA and KIR data in GL String format, with advances in HLA and KIR genotyping technologies that have fostered the generation of full-gene sequence data, the need for an extension of the GL String system has become clear.

M-MDSC generation from mouse bone marrow with IL-3 reveals high expression and functional activity of arginase 1.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) represent major regulators of immune responses, which can control T cells their inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)- and arginase 1 (Arg1)-mediated effector functions. While GM-CSF is well documented to promote MDSC development, little is known about this potential of IL-3, an established growth factor for mast cells. Here, we show that IL-3, similar to GM-CSF, generates monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC) from murine bone marrow (BM) cells after 3 days of culture.

Comparison of Decellularized Human Dermal Scaffolds versus Bovine Collagen/Elastin Matrices for Engineering of Soft-Tissue Flaps.

Background: Free flap-based soft-tissue reconstruction comes at the price of donor-site morbidity. The arteriovenous loop (AVL) technique can overcome this issue by allowing for the de novo generation of axially vascularized soft-tissue flaps from vein grafts embedded into different matrices. Application of the AVL technique has been limited by insufficient long-term volume retention and poor tissue stability.

Guidelines for mouse and human DC generation.

This article is part of the Dendritic Cell Guidelines article series, which provides a collection of state-of-the-art protocols for the preparation, phenotype analysis by flow cytometry, generation, fluorescence microscopy, and functional characterization of mouse and human dendritic cells (DC) from lymphoid organs and various non-lymphoid tissues. This article provides protocols with top ticks and pitfalls for preparation and successful generation of mouse and human DC from different cellular sources, such as murine BM and HoxB8 cells, as well as human CD34 cells from cord blood, BM, and peripheral blood or peripheral blood monocytes. We describe murine cDC1, cDC2, and pDC generation with Flt3L and the generation of BM-derived DC with GM-CSF.

Trial of Intravenous Immune Globulin in Dermatomyositis.

Background: Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) for the treatment of dermatomyositis has not been extensively evaluated.

Methods: We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled trial involving patients with active dermatomyositis. The patients were assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive IVIG at a dose of 2.

Ab Initio Dot Structures Beyond the Lewis Picture.

The empirical Lewis picture of the chemical bond dominates the view chemists have of molecules, of their stability and reactivity. Within the mathematical framework of quantum mechanics, all this chemical information is hidden in the many-particle wave function Ψ. Thus, to reveal and understand it, there is great interest in enhancing the Lewis model and connecting it to computable quantities.

Characteristics, Outcomes, and Trends of Patients With COVID-19-Related Critical Illness at a Learning Health System in the United States.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to surge in the United States and globally.

Objective: To describe the epidemiology of COVID-19-related critical illness, including trends in outcomes and care delivery.

Design: Single-health system, multihospital retrospective cohort study.

Intercomparison of In Situ Sensors for Ground-Based Land Surface Temperature Measurements.

Land surface temperature (LST) is a key variable in the determination of land surface energy exchange processes from local to global scales. Accurate ground measurements of LST are necessary for a number of applications including validation of satellite LST products or improvement of both climate and numerical weather prediction models. With the objective of assessing the quality of in situ measurements of LST and to evaluate the quantitative uncertainties in the ground-based LST measurements, intensive field experiments were conducted at NOAA's Air Resources Laboratory (ARL)'s Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division (ATDD) in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA, from October 2015 to January 2016.

BOSC 2019, the 20th annual Bioinformatics Open Source Conference.

The Bioinformatics Open Source Conference is a volunteer-organized meeting that covers open source software development and open science in bioinformatics. Launched in 2000, BOSC has been held every year since. BOSC 2019, the 20th annual BOSC, took place as one of the Communities of Special Interest (COSIs) at the Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology meeting (ISMB/ECCB 2019).

BioJava 5: A community driven open-source bioinformatics library.

BioJava is an open-source project that provides a Java library for processing biological data. The project aims to simplify bioinformatic analyses by implementing parsers, data structures, and algorithms for common tasks in genomics, structural biology, ontologies, phylogenetics, and more. Since 2012, we have released two major versions of the library (4 and 5) that include many new features to tackle challenges with increasingly complex macromolecular structure data.

Enhanced prehospital volume therapy does not lead to improved outcomes in severely injured patients with severe traumatic brain injury.

Background: Whether enhanced prehospital volume therapy leads to outcome improvements in severely injured patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of prehospital volume therapy on the clinical course of severely injured patients with severe TBI.

Methods: Data for 122,672 patients from TraumaRegister DGU (TR-DGU) was analyzed.

[CA19-9 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma : A diagnostic and prognostic armamentarium?].

Background: Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas are the second most common malignant tumors of the liver with an unfavorable prognosis. The role of CA19-9 in terms of patient prognosis is still under debate in the literature.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic value of preoperatively assessed CA19-9 levels in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma after surgery.

Integrated Reaction Path Processing from Sampled Structure Sequences.

Sampled structure sequences obtained, for instance, from real-time reactivity explorations or first-principles molecular dynamics simulations contain valuable information about chemical reactivity. Eventually, such sequences allow for the construction of reaction networks that are required for the kinetic analysis of chemical systems. For this purpose, however, the sampled information must be processed to obtain stable chemical structures and associated transition states.

Novel GM-CSF signals via IFN-γR/IRF-1 and AKT/mTOR license monocytes for suppressor function.

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) controls proliferation and survival of myeloid cells including monocytes. Here, we describe a time-dependent licensing process driven by GM-CSF in murine Ly6C and human CD14 monocytes that disables their inflammatory functions and promotes their conversion into suppressor cells. This 2-step licensing of monocytes requires activation of the AKT/mTOR/mTORC1 signaling cascade by GM-CSF followed by signaling through the interferon-γ receptor (IFN-γR)/interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) pathway.

Mapping genetic variations to three-dimensional protein structures to enhance variant interpretation: a proposed framework.

The translation of personal genomics to precision medicine depends on the accurate interpretation of the multitude of genetic variants observed for each individual. However, even when genetic variants are predicted to modify a protein, their functional implications may be unclear. Many diseases are caused by genetic variants affecting important protein features, such as enzyme active sites or interaction interfaces.

The GL service: Web service to exchange GL string encoded HLA & KIR genotypes with complete and accurate allele and genotype ambiguity.

Genotype list (GL) Strings use a set of hierarchical character delimiters to represent allele and genotype ambiguity in HLA and KIR genotypes in a complete and accurate fashion. A RESTful web service called genotype list service was created to allow users to register a GL string and receive a unique identifier for that string in the form of a URI. By exchanging URIs and dereferencing them through the GL service, users can easily transmit HLA genotypes in a variety of useful formats.

The impact of Docker containers on the performance of genomic pipelines.

Genomic pipelines consist of several pieces of third party software and, because of their experimental nature, frequent changes and updates are commonly necessary thus raising serious deployment and reproducibility issues. Docker containers are emerging as a possible solution for many of these problems, as they allow the packaging of pipelines in an isolated and self-contained manner. This makes it easy to distribute and execute pipelines in a portable manner across a wide range of computing platforms.

Minimum information for reporting next generation sequence genotyping (MIRING): Guidelines for reporting HLA and KIR genotyping via next generation sequencing.

The development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies for HLA and KIR genotyping is rapidly advancing knowledge of genetic variation of these highly polymorphic loci. NGS genotyping is poised to replace older methods for clinical use, but standard methods for reporting and exchanging these new, high quality genotype data are needed. The Immunogenomic NGS Consortium, a broad collaboration of histocompatibility and immunogenetics clinicians, researchers, instrument manufacturers and software developers, has developed the Minimum Information for Reporting Immunogenomic NGS Genotyping (MIRING) reporting guidelines.

Histoimmunogenetics Markup Language 1.0: Reporting next generation sequencing-based HLA and KIR genotyping.

We present an electronic format for exchanging data for HLA and KIR genotyping with extensions for next-generation sequencing (NGS). This format addresses NGS data exchange by refining the Histoimmunogenetics Markup Language (HML) to conform to the proposed Minimum Information for Reporting Immunogenomic NGS Genotyping (MIRING) reporting guidelines (miring.immunogenomics.

Prehospital volume therapy as an independent risk factor after trauma.

Background: Prehospital volume therapy remains widely used after trauma, while evidence regarding its disadvantages is growing. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the volume administered in a prehospital setting as an independent risk factor for mortality.

Material And Methods: Patients who met the following criteria were analyzed retrospectively: Injury Severity Score=16, primary admission (between 2002 and 2010), and age=16 years.