Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis: Efficacy and Safety of Antipsychotics vs Antiepileptics or Lithium for Acute Mania in Children and Adolescents.

Objective: To compare second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) and mood stabilizers (MSs) in youth with a bipolar disorder type I (BD-I) manic/mixed episode.

Method: A systematic PubMed/Embase/PsycInfo literature search until December 31, 2023, for randomized trials of SGAs or MSs in patients ≤18 years of age with BD-I manic/mixed episode was conducted. The study included a network meta-analysis comparing treatments regarding mania symptoms and mania response (co-primary outcomes), and secondary efficacy and tolerability outcomes.

Feasibility, satisfaction, and goal attainment in routine telemedicine consultation in child and adolescent psychiatry and psychotherapy.

Telehealth services were rapidly adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic, but evidence regarding the effectiveness and feasibility of telehealth services in child and adolescent mental healthcare is sparse. This study aims to investigate feasibility, satisfaction, and goal attainment in video-delivered consultations in routine care child and adolescent psychiatry and psychotherapy. A total of 1046 patients from four university child and adolescent outpatient psychiatric clinics and one university outpatient unit for child and adolescent psychotherapy were screened for study participation.

The Injection of Gels Through an Intact Annulus Maintains Biomechanical Performance without Extrusion Risk.

For autologous-disc-derived chondrocyte transplantation (ADCT) a transglutaminase crosslinked gelatine gel and an albumin hyaluronic acid gel, crosslinked with bis-thio-polyethylene glycol, were injected through a syringe into a degenerated intervertebral disc, where they solidified in situ. This biomechanical in vitro study with lumbar bovine motion segments evaluated disc height changes, motion characteristics in a quasi-static spine loading simulators, and the potential extrusion risk of these biomaterials in a complex dynamic multi-axial loading set-up with 100,000 loading cycles. After the injection and formation of the gel in the center of the nucleus, the disc height increase was about 0.

Magnitude and Correlates of Symptomatic, Global Illness, and Social Functioning Response; Out-of-Home Placement; and Length of Stay in 1,189 Consecutively Hospitalized Children and Adolescents With Mental Disorders.

To identify outcome predictors in hospitalized youth with mental disorders. This retrospective analysis of systematically recorded clinical parameters in youth hospitalized for psychiatric treatment in 2004-2015 assessed magnitude and correlates of symptom response (SR), global illness response (GIR), social functioning (SF), out-of-home placement (OOHP), and length of stay (LOS). Backward elimination regression analyses were performed to identify independent baseline correlates of each of the 5 outcomes, with representing the variance explained by the independent correlates retained in the final model.

Endplate Trauma During Implant Insertion Affects the Expulsion Risk of Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Devices.

Background Anterior cage migration in anterior lumbar interbody fusion is a serious complication. To address this risk, cage designs are now available with integrated screw or blade fixation or specially designed surface geometries with large teeth or ridges. However, the implantation technique itself has not yet been addressed as a potential risk factor for cage migration.

[The mental burden of children, adolescents, and their families during the COVID-19 pandemic and associations with emotional and behavioral problems].

Background And Objective: The infection protection measures adopted as part of the COVID-19 pandemic led to profound restrictions and changes in the social, (pre-) school, family, and leisure areas. The objective of the current study was to examine the mental burden of children and adolescents and their families during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, this study aimed to identify possible factors that influence the mental burden.

The Tumor Suppressor TFF1 Occurs in Different Forms and Interacts with Multiple Partners in the Human Gastric Mucus Barrier: Indications for Diverse Protective Functions.

TFF1 is a protective peptide of the Trefoil Factor Family (TFF), which is co-secreted with the mucin MUC5AC, gastrokine 2 (GKN2), and IgG Fc binding protein (FCGBP) from gastric surface mucous cells. -deficient mice obligatorily develop antropyloric adenoma and about 30% progress to carcinomas, indicating that Tff1 is a tumor suppressor. As a hallmark, TFF1 contains seven cysteine residues with three disulfide bonds stabilizing the conserved TFF domain.

Different Forms of TFF2, A Lectin of the Human Gastric Mucus Barrier: Binding Studies.

Trefoil factor family 2 (TFF2) and the mucin MUC6 are co-secreted from human gastric and duodenal glands. TFF2 binds MUC6 as a lectin and is a constituent of the gastric mucus. Herein, we investigated human gastric extracts by FPLC and identified mainly high- but also low-molecular-mass forms of TFF2.

The impact of a short educational movie on promoting chronic pain health literacy in school: A feasibility study.

Background: School-based health education programs on chronic pain providing information about the proper management of recurrent and chronic pain may increase health literacy in terms of pain knowledge, may thereby prevent dysfunctional coping and may decrease the risk of pain chronification. The aim of the present feasibility study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational movie on recurrent and chronic pain in increasing pain knowledge among students.

Methods: N = 95 adolescent students provided demographic and pain-related information and completed a pain knowledge questionnaire before and after viewing an educational movie on recurrent and chronic pain.

How does free rod-sliding affect the posterior instrumentation for a dynamic stabilization using a bovine calf model?

Study Design: A biomechanical cadaveric study in lumbar calf spine.

Objective: Evaluation of the effects of selected degrees of freedom (df) on the dynamic stabilization of the spine in terms of segmental range of motion (RoM), center of rotation (CoR), and implant loadings.

Summary Of Background Data: For dorsal stabilization, rigid implant systems are becoming increasingly complemented by numerous dynamic systems based on pedicle screws and varying df.

PVP-coated, negatively charged silver nanoparticles: A multi-center study of their physicochemical characteristics, cell culture and in vivo experiments.

PVP-capped silver nanoparticles with a diameter of the metallic core of 70 nm, a hydrodynamic diameter of 120 nm and a zeta potential of -20 mV were prepared and investigated with regard to their biological activity. This review summarizes the physicochemical properties (dissolution, protein adsorption, dispersability) of these nanoparticles and the cellular consequences of the exposure of a broad range of biological test systems to this defined type of silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles dissolve in water in the presence of oxygen.

Can prevention of a reherniation be investigated? Establishment of a herniation model and experiments with an anular closure device.

Study Design: Biomechanical in vitro study.

Objective: To establish a reliable in vitro herniation model with human cadaver spines that enables evaluation of anular closure devices.

Summary Of Background Data: Biomechanically, it is desirable to close anulus defects after disc herniation to preserve as much nucleus as possible.

Posterior motion preserving implants evaluated by means of intervertebral disc bulging and annular fiber strains.

Background: The aims of motion preserving implants are to ensure sufficient stability to the spine, to release facet joints by also allowing a physiological loading to the intervertebral disc. The aim of this study was to assess disc load contribution by means of annular fiber strains and disc bulging of intact and stiffened segments. This was compared to the segments treated with various motion preserving implants.

A method to perform spinal motion analysis from functional X-ray images.

Identifying spinal instability is an important aim for proper surgical treatment. Analysis of functional X-ray images delivers measurements of the range of motion (RoM) and the center of rotation (CoR). In today's practice, CoR determination is often omitted, due to the lack of accurate methods.

Influence of low glucose supply on the regulation of gene expression by nucleus pulposus cells and their responsiveness to mechanical loading.

Object: Environmental alterations resulting in a decrease in the nutrient supply have been associated with intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, particularly of the nucleus pulposus (NP). The goal of the present study was to examine the hypothesis that glucose deprivation alters the metabolism of NP cells and their responsiveness to mechanical loading. A possible interaction of glucose supply and hydrostatic pressure (HP) with gene expression by NP cells has not been investigated.

Vertebral trabecular main direction can be determined from clinical CT datasets using the gradient structure tensor and not the inertia tensor--a case study.

Osteoporosis is a wide spread disease with one-third of all women beyond their menopause and a fifth of men above the age of 50 years suffering from it. Patient specific finite element models would be a great improvement for the diagnosis of vertebral fracture risk. Different material models have been proposed, which incorporate information about the anisotropy of trabecular bone in addition to bone mineral density (BMD) using a second rank structure tensor.

Dependency of disc degeneration on shear and tensile strains between annular fiber layers for complex loads.

Background: One of the first signs of disc degeneration is the formation of circumferential tears within the annulus fibrosus. It is assumed that high shear and tensile strains between the lamellae mainly cause the initiation of these failures. However, it is not known which load application and which degree of disc degeneration could lead to the highest strains and therefore, might induce the formation of tears.

Prospective design delineation and subsequent in vitro evaluation of a new posterior dynamic stabilization system.

Study Design: Finite element and in vitro study.

Objective: Finite element calculations to delineate a dynamic fixator and confirmation with an in vitro experiment.

Summary And Background Data: In the last few years, there was a paradigm shift from rigid to dynamic fixation of spinal segments.

Interaction between finite helical axes and facet joint forces under combined loading.

Study Design: Finite element study.

Objective: To investigate the interaction between the finite helical axis and facet joint loads under combined loading.

Summary Of Background Data: Finite helical axes (FHA) in a functional spinal unit can indicate mechanical disorders and are relevant for the development of new arthoplasty techniques.

Which axial and bending stiffnesses of posterior implants are required to design a flexible lumbar stabilization system?

Dynamic stabilization devices have been introduced to clinics as an alternative to rigid fixation. The stiffness of these devices varies widely, whereas the optimal stiffness, achieving a predefined stabilization of the spine, is unknown. This study was focused on the determination of stiffness values for posterior stabilization devices achieving a flexible, semi-flexible or rigid connection between two vertebrae.

Biomechanical evaluation of conventional anulus fibrosus closure methods required for nucleus replacement. Laboratory investigation.

Object: Nucleus replacement implants became increasingly attractive as an alternative to fusion, discectomy, or total disc replacement. The goals of nucleus replacement are to restore disc height and flexibility and to preserve the anatomy. However, implant extrusions have been reported and are the major concern.

A method to obtain surface strains of soft tissues using a laser scanning device.

A three-dimensional laser scanning device was developed allowing surface digitization of musculoskeletal and soft tissue structures under different loads. Image-processing algorithms were formulated for image registration. These were used to determine displacement mapping and then surface strains.

Stepwise reduction of functional spinal structures increase disc bulge and surface strains.

Previous studies postulated that an axial compression of lumbar intervertebral discs causes a complex strain pattern on the annulus. This pattern is not fully understood, since most studies measured only the uniaxial ultimate tensile strain of the annulus. The aim of this study was to investigate surface strains and their relation to disc bulging.

The relation between intervertebral disc bulging and annular fiber associated strains for simple and complex loading.

Mechanical failure of the annulus fibrosus is mostly indicated by tears, fissures, protrusions or disc prolapses. Some of these annulus failures can be caused by a high intradiscal pressure. This has an effect on disc bulging.