68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT of neuroendocrine tumors: spotlight on the CT phases of a triple-phase protocol.

Unlabelled: The diagnostic value of neuroendocrine tumor (NET) imaging using PET with integrated CT is dependent on both components. This retrospective study assessed the value of the single CT phases of a triple-phase (early arterial, portal-venous inflow, and venous) CT protocol in comparison to (68)Ga-DOTATOC PET in a masked reading.

Methods: (68)Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT examinations from 51 patients with known or suspected NET were included.

Attenuation correction of somatostatin receptor SPECT by integrated low-dose CT: is there an impact on sensitivity?

Aim: Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) is an established imaging modality for neuroendocrine tumors (NET). Additional single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT-CT) not only permits image fusion but also attenuation correction (AC) of SPECT data. This study evaluated whether attenuation corrected SPECT-images (SPECT[AC]) are more sensitive than nonattenuation corrected SPECT-reconstructions (SPECT[NAC]) for the detection of NET lesions.

Impact of Multiphase 68Ga-DOTATOC-PET/CT on therapy management in patients with neuroendocrine tumors.

Aim: Retrospective evaluation of the impact of integrated positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) using (68)Ga-DOTA(0)-Phe(1)-Tyr(3)-octreotide ((68)Ga-DOTATOC) on the therapeutic management of patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NET).

Methods: The (68)Ga-DOTATOC-PET/CT data of 66 patients (31 male, 35 female; age: 29-79, mean age: 56 years) with known or suspected NET were included. Imaging data (PET and triple-phase contrast-enhanced CT) were evaluated in consensus by two readers for the visualization of NET manifestations.

Incidental detection of breast cancer by 68Ga-DOTATOC-PET/CT in women suffering from neuroendocrine tumours.

Aim: Somatostatin receptor (sstr) imaging using 68Ga-DOTATOC-PET/CT in neuroendocrine tumors (NET) is promising, suggesting a more sensitive detection of lesions with a low sstr-expression. This is also important for other sstr positive tumors, especially breast cancer whose incidence and age-range is similar to that of NET.

Patients, Methods: The PET/CT data of 33 consecutive women with NET (age: 33-78 years, mean 59) who underwent whole-body staging with 68Ga-DOTATOC was retrospectively analyzed for breast lesions.

The fully human anti-CD30 antibody 5F11 activates NF-{kappa}B and sensitizes lymphoma cells to bortezomib-induced apoptosis.

5F11, a fully human monoclonal antibody directed against CD30, effectively induces killing of CD30-expressing lymphoma cell lines in vitro and in animal models. A recently conducted phase 1/2 study shows that 5F11 is well tolerated in heavily pretreated patients with relapsed and refractory CD30(+) lymphoma and has some clinical activity. In the present study, we demonstrate that 5F11 activates nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) and the anti-apoptotic protein cellular FLICE (Fas-associating protein with death domain-like interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme) inhibitory protein (c-flip) in Hodgkin lymphoma (HD)-derived cell lines, which might cause apoptosis resistance, thus limiting the clinical use of 5F11.

Combination of the human anti-CD30 antibody 5F11 with cytostatic drugs enhances its antitumor activity against Hodgkin and anaplastic large cell lymphoma cell lines.

Due to its selective overexpression on the malignant cells of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and large cell anaplastic lymphoma (ALCL), CD30 is an excellent target for immunotherapy of these diseases. The fully human monoclonal anti-CD30-antibody 5F11 has been shown to be effective against CD30-expressing cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, 5F11 shows promising antitumor activity in phase 1/2 clinical trials.

[Radiological diagnosis of osteoporosis].

The roentgen-morphologic findings of "osteoporosis" in the different regions of the skeleton are demonstrated. A combination of osteoporosis and osteomalacia induced by hormonal and metabolic bone diseases occur frequently. The results of sequential studies are discussed.

[Common roentgen morphology of generalized osteopathies].

The generalized macromorphological x-ray findings of the different kinds of osteopathy are discussed. These metabolic bone diseases include osteoporosis, osteomalacia, secondary hyperparathyroidism caused by renal osteopathy and all possible combinations. The complications caused by hormonal and metabolic bone disease are described.

[Special radiology of the hand in renal osteopathy].

The different radiographical abnormalities of the hand with renal osteodystrophy are demonstrated. The soft tissue immersion low-energy X-ray technique allows early detection of macrostructural changes of spongy and compact bone, irregularities of the cortex, defects and pseudocysts, osteosclerosis as well as calcifications in the soft tissue and arterio sclerosis of patients with chronic renal failure. Possible erroneous interpretations will be discussed.

[Measurement procedure for further radiologic analysis of bone. A review of the quantitative radiology of the skeleton].

The reasons for using measurements of bone density for further analysis of changes in metabolic bone diseases are pointed out. Besides the easy methods of visual comparison of X-ray images and "microradioscopy", the methods of quantitative radiology are discussed. The X-ray morphometry method is presented, including the new results of measurement of various bones of the skeleton.

[Informational value of weak-radiation immersion radiography of the hand in hormonal and metabolic osteopathies].

The early detection of changes in the bones of the hand in hormonal and metabolic osteopathies is possible with the aid of soft tissue immersion radiographic technique combined with "microradioscopy". The informational value of this special method of investigation will be demonstrated by several examples from the 286 examinations of accentuated osteoporotic and osteomalacic and hyperparathyroidism changes of the skeleton. Structural changes in the normally mineralized and poorly mineralized bone as well as the neighbouring soft tissue (joint capsule, tendons, subdermal fatty tissue) and the skin layer itself can be demonstrated.

[Information value of x-ray computed tomography for the detection and control of spondylitis].

The information content of early bone changes in computed tomography (CT) of pyogenic non-tuberculous spondylitis and spinal tuberculosis is analysed. The CT findings are compared with conventional x-ray images including tomography. In 3 of 16 patients no indications of osteomyelitis were found by conventional x-ray images, whereas CT revealed paravertebral soft tissue swelling or abscesses and osteolysis and thus established the diagnosis of spondylitis.

[Detection of occult fractures of the pelvic bones by roentgen computed tomography].

The informational value of C.T. concerning pelvic fractures is presented.

[Rare localization of Paget's osteodystrophia deformans in the skeleton].

Frequency of rare skeletal lesions in Paget's disease is compared with normal localisations. Radiological morphology of rare localisations of Paget's disease of the scapula, of the lower arm bones, of the hand bones, of the patella and the calcaneus are described. Thickening of trabeculae in the spongy bone and porosity of compact bone, deformation and enlargement of the bones are typical; this has to be differentiated and related to a small number of other bone diseases.

[Course of Paget's osteodystrophia deformans--exemplified by the roentgen morphology of the cranial bones].

The still unknown etiology and pathogenesis of Paget's disease or Osteodystrophia deformans Paget are discussed; localisation of skeletal lesions and clinical findings of the disease are described. The skull bones are used to give an example for the 4 phases of the course of the disease, shown by X-ray pictures. Typical X-ray findings of changes in structure, pattern, size, and shape of the skull bones are compared with the pathological and anatomical picture.

[Femur head necrosis in metabolic and hormonal osteopathies--a radiologic-morphologic analysis].

The pathogenesis of bone necrosis is discussed with special attention and with respect to metabolic, hormonal, and vascular factors. The influence of statics and dynamics of the hip joint bones for the development of aseptic necrosis are discussed. 45 patients with "idiopathic femoral head necroses" were observed, including 6 cases of renal osteopathy following renal transplantation and immune suppression therapy, 14 cases of long term corticoid therapy, and 11 cases of liver diseases of different genesis.

[Significance of a new large-format image intensifier in serial examination of thoracic organs].

At the beginning informations are given of serial radiological examinations, of lung investigations of all medical employees, and of blood donors. Very low radiations doses are claimed for all provisional care investigations. This is guaranteed by the new large format image intensifier (Siemens Optilux 57).

[Benign disorders of soft tissue on the roentgen computer tomogram].

Diagnostic procedures of soft tissue lesions have considerably improved by the high density resolution of computed tomography. Indications for investigations by CT are described in detail and illustrated by examples. Enhancement by contrast medium enables further differentiation of the tumors.

[Roentgen morphology of sport injuries to the pelvic apophyses].

Pelvic apophyses are places of insertion of strong muscles and tendons and are therefore places of least resistance at the end of skeletal growth. Avulsions and disruptions of pelvic apophyses can be caused by overstrain during different kinds of sport activity. Typical radiological findings in 8 different cases of ruptures of apophyses, osteochondropathies, and resulting conditions of sport injuries are demonstrated.