Yu Nu Compound Regulates Autophagy and Apoptosis Through mTOR in vivo and vitro.

Introduction: Yu Nu compound (YNJ) is a traditional Chinese medicine widely utilized to treat type 2 diabetes possibly through mediating autophagy. Abnormal podocyte autophagy and apoptosis could result in podocyte loss in diabetics nephropathy (DN). The mechanism of Yu Nu compound in DN is still unclear.

Conducting polymer-based multilayer films for instructive biomaterial coatings.

Aim: To demonstrate the design, fabrication and testing of conformable conducting biomaterials that encourage cell alignment.

Materials & Methods: Thin conducting composite biomaterials based on multilayer films of poly(3.4-ethylenedioxythiophene) derivatives, chitosan and gelatin were prepared in a layer-by-layer fashion.