How do Laboratory Teaching Assistants Learn to Support Science Practices? Exploring the Intersection Between Instructor Reasoning and Actions.

Undergraduate laboratory courses can provide opportunities for students to participate in science practices. This requires rethinking both curricula and instruction. Science practice-based courses require students to be positioned as epistemic agents, implying a shift in instructor role.

Placental small extracellular vesicles from normal pregnancy and gestational diabetes increase insulin gene transcription and content in β cells.

Insulin secretion increases progressively during pregnancy to maintain normal maternal blood glucose levels. The placenta plays a crucial role in this process by releasing hormones and extracellular vesicles into the maternal circulation, which drive significant changes in pregnancy physiology. Placental extracellular vesicles, which are detectable in the plasma of pregnant women, have been shown to signal peripheral tissues and contribute to pregnancy-related conditions.

Development of a screening platform for the formulation of poorly water-soluble drugs as albumin-stabilized nanosuspensions using nab™ technology.

The nanoparticle albumin bound™ (nab™) technology generally offers great potential for the formulation of poorly water-soluble drugs as albumin-stabilized nanosuspensions for intravenous use while avoiding solubilizers and cross-linking agents. The nab™ technology is a three-step process consisting of emulsification, high-pressure homogenization and solvent evaporation. Within this work, a screening approach was developed to predict whether active pharmaceutical ingredients are suitable for nab™ formulations.

An Examination into the Effects of a Nutraceutical Supplement on Cognition, Stress, Eye Health, and Skin Satisfaction in Adults with Self-Reported Cognitive Complaints: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

: Dietary quality and the consumption of antioxidant-rich foods have been shown to protect against memory decline. Therefore, this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study aimed to investigate the effects of a nutritional supplement on changes in cognitive performance. : In adults aged 40 to 70 years with subjective memory complaints, participants were randomly allocated to take a supplement containing vitamin E, astaxanthin, and grape juice extract daily for 12 weeks or a matching placebo.

Proteomic profiling reveals ACSS2 facilitating metabolic support in acute myeloid leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by genomic aberrations in oncogenes, cytogenetic abnormalities, and an aberrant epigenetic landscape. Nearly 50% of AML cases will relapse with current treatment. A major source of therapy resistance is the interaction of mesenchymal stroma with leukemic cells resulting in therapeutic protection.

The pRb/RBL2-E2F1/4-GCN5 axis regulates cancer stem cell formation and G0 phase entry/exit by paracrine mechanisms.

The lethality, chemoresistance and metastatic characteristics of cancers are associated with phenotypically plastic cancer stem cells (CSCs). How the non-cell autonomous signalling pathways and cell-autonomous transcriptional machinery orchestrate the stem cell-like characteristics of CSCs is still poorly understood. Here we use a quantitative proteomic approach for identifying secreted proteins of CSCs in pancreatic cancer.

Unconventional human CD61 pairing with CD103 promotes TCR signaling and antigen-specific T cell cytotoxicity.

Cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, leading to increased interest in utilizing immunotherapy strategies for better cancer treatments. In the past decade, CD103 T cells have been associated with better clinical prognosis in patients with cancer. However, the specific immune mechanisms contributing toward CD103-mediated protective immunity remain unclear.

Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids alter the number, fatty acid profile and coagulatory activity of circulating and platelet-derived extracellular vesicles: a randomized, controlled crossover trial.

Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are proposed to play a role in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and are considered emerging markers of CVDs. n-3 PUFAs are abundant in oily fish and fish oil and are reported to reduce CVD risk, but there has been little research to date examining the effects of n-3 PUFAs on the generation and function of EVs.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the effects of fish oil supplementation on the number, generation, and function of EVs in subjects with moderate risk of CVDs.

Oncogenic mutations of KRAS modulate its turnover by the CUL3/LZTR1 E3 ligase complex.

KRAS is a proto-oncogene encoding a small GTPase. Mutations contribute to ∼30% of human solid tumours, including lung adenocarcinoma, pancreatic, and colorectal carcinomas. Most KRAS activating mutations interfere with GTP hydrolysis, essential for its role as a molecular switch, leading to alterations in their molecular environment and oncogenic signalling.

Aldehyde-mediated inhibition of asparagine biosynthesis has implications for diabetes and alcoholism.

Patients with alcoholism and type 2 diabetes manifest altered metabolism, including elevated aldehyde levels and unusually low asparagine levels. We show that asparagine synthetase B (ASNS), the only human asparagine-forming enzyme, is inhibited by disease-relevant reactive aldehydes, including formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. Cellular studies show non-cytotoxic amounts of reactive aldehydes induce a decrease in asparagine levels.

Stimulating and toxic effect of chromium on growth and photosynthesis of a marine chlorophyte.

Marine phytoplankton can interchange trace metals in various biochemical functions, particularly under metal-limiting conditions. Here, we investigate the stimulating and toxicity effect of chromium (Cr) on a marine Chlorophyceae Osetreococcus tauri under Fe-replete and Fe-deficient conditions. We determined the growth, photosynthesis, and proteome expressions of Osetreococcus tauri cultured under different Cr and Fe concentrations.

Triglyceride-filled albumin-based nanocapsules: A promising new system to avoid discarding poorly water-soluble drug candidates.

Even though current drug discovery provides a variety of potential drug candidates, many of those substances are difficult to formulate due to their poor water-solubility. To overcome this obstacle a technological formulation is crucial. Albumin-based nanocarriers are a possible intravenous delivery system which is already approved and commercially available.

Niche preclinical and clinical applications of photoacoustic imaging with endogenous contrast.

In the past decade, photoacoustic (PA) imaging has attracted a great deal of popularity as an emergent diagnostic technology owing to its successful demonstration in both preclinical and clinical arenas by various academic and industrial research groups. Such steady growth of PA imaging can mainly be attributed to its salient features, including being non-ionizing, cost-effective, easily deployable, and having sufficient axial, lateral, and temporal resolutions for resolving various tissue characteristics and assessing the therapeutic efficacy. In addition, PA imaging can easily be integrated with the ultrasound imaging systems, the combination of which confers the ability to co-register and cross-reference various features in the structural, functional, and molecular imaging regimes.

Biallelic FBXW7 knockout induces AKAP8-mediated DNA damage in neighbouring wildtype cells.

Colorectal cancer possesses marked intratumoral heterogeneity. While subclonal interactions between Vogelstein driver mutations have been extensively studied, less is known about competitive or cooperative effects between subclonal populations with other cancer driver mutations. FBXW7 is a cancer driver mutation which is present in close to 17% of colorectal cancer cells.

Loss of FAM111B protease mutated in hereditary fibrosing poikiloderma negatively regulates telomere length.

Hereditary fibrosing poikiloderma (HFP) is a rare human dominant negative disorder caused by mutations in the gene that encodes a nuclear trypsin-like serine protease. HFP patients present with symptoms including skin abnormalities, tendon contractures, myopathy and lung fibrosis. We characterized the cellular roles of human FAM111B using U2OS and MCF7 cell lines and report here that the protease interacts with components of the nuclear pore complex.

The labels and models used to describe problematic substance use impact discrete elements of stigma: A registered report.

Objectives: Problematic substance use is one of the most stigmatized health conditions leading research to examine how the labels and models used to describe it influence public stigma. Two recent studies examine whether beliefs in a disease model of addiction influence public stigma but result in equivocal findings-in line with the mixed-blessings model, Kelly et al. (2021) found that while the label "chronically relapsing brain disease" reduced blame attribution, it decreased prognostic optimism and increased perceived danger and need for continued care; however, Rundle et al.

Vivid dreams are associated with a high percentage of REM sleep: a prospective study in veterans.

Study Objectives: Vivid dreams are dreams that feel real or are associated with dream enactment behavior. They are prevalent in veterans, especially in those with psychiatric disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorders. Such psychiatric disorders have known association with abnormalities in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.

Comparison of different methods for isolating CD8 T lymphocyte-derived extracellular vesicles and supramolecular attack particles.

CD8 T lymphocytes play vital roles in killing infected or deranged host cells, recruiting innate immune cells, and regulating other aspects of immune responses. Like any other cell, CD8 T cells also produce extracellular particles. These include extracellular vesicles (EVs) and non-vesicular extracellular particles (NVEPs).

Integrated Proteomics Unveils Nuclear PDE3A2 as a Regulator of Cardiac Myocyte Hypertrophy.

Background: Signaling by cAMP is organized in multiple distinct subcellular nanodomains regulated by cAMP-hydrolyzing PDEs (phosphodiesterases). Cardiac β-adrenergic signaling has served as the prototypical system to elucidate cAMP compartmentalization. Although studies in cardiac myocytes have provided an understanding of the location and properties of a handful of cAMP subcellular compartments, an overall view of the cellular landscape of cAMP nanodomains is missing.

Case study: Targeted RNA-sequencing of aged formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples for understanding chemical mode of action.

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples are the only remaining biological archive for many toxicological and clinical studies, yet their use in genomics has been limited due to nucleic acid damage from formalin fixation. Older FFPE samples with highly degraded RNA pose a particularly difficult technical challenge. Probe-based targeted sequencing technologies show promise in addressing this issue but have not been directly compared to standard whole-genome RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) methods.