Purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed cancer worldwide. Despite a well-established knowledge of tumour development, biomarkers to predict patient outcomes are still required. S100 calcium-binding protein A2 (S100A2) has been purposed as a potential marker in many types of cancer, however, the prognostic value of S100A2 in CRC is rarely reported.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: Strong immune responses in primary colorectal cancer correspond with better patient survival following surgery compared with tumors with predominantly stromal microenvironments. However, biomarkers to identify patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) with good prognosis following surgery for oligometastatic disease remain elusive. The aim of this study was to determine the practical application of a simple histological assessment of immune cell infiltration and stromal content in predicting outcome following synchronous resection of primary colorectal cancer and CRLM and to interrogate the underlying functional biology that drives disease progression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCXCL8 is an inflammatory chemokine elevated in the colorectal cancer (CRC) tumour microenvironment. CXCR2, the major receptor for CXCL8, is predominantly expressed by neutrophils. In the cancer setting, CXCL8 plays important roles in neutrophil chemotaxis, facilitating angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRecently published work on the Glasgow Microenvironment Score (GMS) demonstrated its relevance as a biomarker in TNM II-III colorectal cancer (CRC). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in CRC have also shown promise as prognostic biomarkers. This study aimed to assess the relationship between GMS and markers of EMT in stage II-III CRC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Despite a well-known prognostic role in colorectal cancer, the genomic profiling of tumour budding remains to be elucidated. We aim to review the association of common mutations with tumour budding.
Methods: A systematic review of studies relating to tumour budding and genetic mutation in CRC was performed.
Background: The Glasgow Microenvironment Score (GMS) combines peritumoural inflammation and tumour stroma percentage to assess interactions between tumour and microenvironment. This was previously demonstrated to associate with colorectal cancer (CRC) prognosis, and now requires validation and assessment of interactions with adjuvant therapy.
Methods: Two cohorts were utilised; 862 TNM I-III CRC validation cohort, and 2912 TNM II-III CRC adjuvant chemotherapy cohort (TransSCOT).
Background: Tumor budding is an independent prognostic factor in colorectal cancer (CRC) and has recently been well-defined by the International Tumour Budding Consensus Conference (ITBCC).
Objective: The aim of the present study was to use the ITBCC budding evaluation method to examine the relationship between tumor budding, tumor factors, tumor microenvironment, and survival in patients with primary operable CRC.
Methods: Hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides of 952 CRC patients diagnosed between 1997 and 2007 were evaluated for tumor budding according to the ITBCC criteria.
Tumour cell anaerobic metabolism has been reported to be a prognostic factor in colorectal cancer. The present study investigated the association between monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) 1, MCT 2, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 1 and LDH 5, the tumour microenvironment, and outcome in patients with colorectal cancer. A cohort of 150 patients with stage I-III CRC were utilised to assess tumour cell expression of MCT-1, MCT-2, LDH-1 and LDH-5 by immunohistochemistry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), local and systemic inflammatory responses have been extensively reported to associate with cancer survival. However, the specific signalling pathways responsible for inflammatory responses are not clear. The PTEN/Akt pathway is a plausible candidate as it may play a role in mediating inflammation via COX-2, and has been associated with cancer progression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Tumour budding has been reported to reflect invasiveness, metastasis and unfavourable prognosis in colorectal cancer. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between tumour budding and clinicopathological characteristics, tumour microenvironment and survival in patients with primary operable colorectal cancer.
Methods: A total of 303 patients from a prospective data set of patients with primary operable colorectal cancer were included in the study.
Background/aim: Lymphatic and blood vessel invasion are important independent prognostic factors in colorectal cancer, but identification of the separate components remains difficult. The aim of the present study was to compare routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and elastica staining with immunohistochemistry using D2-40 and CD31.
Materials And Methods: A total of 75 surgical specimens of colorectal cancer were examined for blood and lymphatic vessel invasion, by comparing stains.
Although vascular invasion in colorectal cancer has been recognised since 1938, detection methods and results remain inconsistent. Vascular invasion is currently an independent prognostic factor in colorectal cancer influencing disease progression and survival. The vascular system consists of three components, arterial, venous and lymphatic vessels, all of which can be invaded but accurate distinction between the components remains difficult with routine staining techniques.
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