Time-course of the DSM-5 cannabis withdrawal symptoms in poly-substance abusers.

Background: Evidence is accumulating that a cannabis withdrawal syndrome is common, of clinical significance, and has a clear time course. Up till now, very limited data exist on the cannabis withdrawal symptoms in patients with co-morbid substance use disorders, other than cannabis use and tobacco use.

Methods: Symptoms of withdrawal were assessed through patient self-reports during detoxification in Danish residential rehabilitation centers.

(Araceae): New palynological insights with special regard to its controversial systematic position and to closely related genera.

Almost all systematic treatments agree that is a puzzling case, being a highly autapomorphic taxon with obscure relationships. In molecular-based classifications the variable placements of within Aroideae conflict strongly with those in morphologically and anatomically based systematic classifications, which treat the genus as a subfamily (Calloideae) of its own. We studied the pollen morphology and ultrastructure of by light and electron microscopy, and mapped the relevant pollen characters as well as some flower characters to the proposed placements of within the Araceae as indicated in the various molecular phylogenies.

Nonlinear simultaneous reconstruction of inhomogeneous compressibility and mass density distributions in unidirectional pulse-echo ultrasound imaging.

In diagnostic ultrasound imaging, the image reconstruction quality is crucial for reliable diagnosis. Applying reconstruction algorithms based on the acoustic wave equation, the obtained image quality depends significantly on the physical material parameters accounted for in the equation. In this contribution, we extend a proposed iterative nonlinear one-parameter compressibility reconstruction algorithm by the additional reconstruction of the object's inhomogeneous mass density distribution.

Lentiviral vector mediated thymidine kinase expression in pluripotent stem cells enables removal of tumorigenic cells.

Embryonic stem cells (ES) and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells represent promising tools for cell-based therapies and regenerative medicine. Nevertheless, implantation of ES cell derived differentiated cells holds the risk of teratoma formation due to residual undifferentiated cells. In order to tackle this problem, we used pluripotent stem cells consisting of ES and iPS cells of mouse genetically modified by lentiviral vectors (LVs) carrying herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) under the control of different promoters of pluripotency genes.

Sialic acid binding properties of soluble coronavirus spike (S1) proteins: differences between infectious bronchitis virus and transmissible gastroenteritis virus.

The spike proteins of a number of coronaviruses are able to bind to sialic acids present on the cell surface. The importance of this sialic acid binding ability during infection is, however, quite different. We compared the spike protein of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and the spike protein of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV).

The influence of guides on alcohol consumption among young tourists at a nightlife resort.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess how participation in party activities with guides affects alcohol consumption among young tourists at an international nightlife resort.

Methods: Prospective survey of 112 Danish tourists in Sunny Beach, Bulgaria, who were asked about their drinking and activities with guides on three separate nights out.

Results: Participation in party activities with guides, such as drinking games and Pub Crawls, were associated with heavily increased drinking compared with nights out without guides, but not in a dose-response type relationship.

PARP inhibitor with selectivity toward ADP-ribosyltransferase ARTD3/PARP3.

Inhibiting ADP-ribosyl transferases with PARP-inhibitors is considered a promising strategy for the treatment of many cancers and ischemia, but most of the cellular targets are poorly characterized. Here, we describe an inhibitor of ADP-ribosyltransferase-3/poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-3 (ARTD3), a regulator of DNA repair and mitotic progression. In vitro profiling against 12 members of the enzyme family suggests selectivity for ARTD3, and crystal structures illustrate the molecular basis for inhibitor selectivity.

Highly diastereo- and enantioselective allylboration of aldehydes using α-substituted allyl/crotyl pinacol boronic esters via in situ generated borinic esters.

Readily available, α-substituted allyl/crotyl pinacol boronic esters often give low E/Z selectivity (with Z favored) in reactions with aldehydes. We found that addition of nBuLi to the pinacol boronic ester followed by trapping of the alkoxide with TFAA leads to an intermediate allyl borinic ester which undergoes allylboration with very high E selectivity. The substrate scope includes primary to tertiary alkyl α-substituents, crotyl substrates, and the previously unreported β-methallyl pinacol boronic esters.

Childhood socio-economic status, school failure and drug abuse: a Swedish national cohort study.

Aim: To investigate whether socio-economic status (SES) in childhood and school failure at 15 years of age predict illicit drug abuse in youth and young adulthood.

Design, Setting And Participants: Register study in a Swedish national cohort born 1973-88 (n = 1,405,763), followed from age 16 to 20-35 years. Cox regression analyses were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) for any indication of drug abuse.

A chemo-enzymatic approach to specifically click-modified RNA.

The growing interest in single-molecule analysis of RNA calls for programmable enzymatic labeling strategies beyond the horizon of solid-phase synthesized RNAs. Herein we describe an easy and versatile chemo-enzymatic approach to label RNA at its termini or defined internal positions via click-chemistry.

Deletion of integrin linked kinase in endothelial cells results in defective RTK signaling caused by caveolin 1 mislocalization.

Integrin linked kinase (ILK) connects the ILK-Pinch-Parvin complex with integrin adhesion sites. Because of the functional relevance of integrin-linked signaling for endothelial cell (EC) biology, we have explored this pathway in Ilk(-/-) embryonic stem (ES) cells differentiated into ECs and vessel-like structures. We have focused in particular on the mechanistic relevance of ILK-Pinch-Parvin complex-related signaling for EC development and tube formation.

The LIFE child study: a life course approach to disease and health.

Background: Profound knowledge about child growth, development, health, and disease in contemporary children and adolescents is still rare. Epidemiological studies together with new powerful research technologies present exciting opportunities to the elucidation of risk factor-outcome associations with potentially major consequences for prevention, diagnosis and treatment.

Aim: To conduct a unique prospective longitudinal cohort study in order to assess how environmental, metabolic and genetic factors affect growth, development and health from fetal life to adulthood.

Diastereodivergent synthesis of trisubstituted alkenes through protodeboronation of allylic boronic esters: application to the synthesis of the Californian red scale beetle pheromone.

E-allylic boronic esters undergo a highly diastereoselective protodeboronation with TBAF⋅3 H(2)O to give Z-trisubstituted alkenes. The selectivity can be switched to give predominantly the E-alkene instead by using KHF(2)/TsOH (see scheme). The utility of the methodology has been illustrated in a short synthesis of a component of the sex pheromone of the Californian red scale beetle.

Direct visualization of cell division using high-resolution imaging of M-phase of the cell cycle.

Current approaches to monitor and quantify cell division in live cells, and reliably distinguish between acytokinesis and endoreduplication, are limited and complicate determination of stem cell pool identities. Here we overcome these limitations by generating an in vivo reporter system using the scaffolding protein anillin fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein, to provide high spatiotemporal resolution of mitotic phase. This approach visualizes cytokinesis and midbody formation as hallmarks of expansion of stem and somatic cells, and enables distinction from cell cycle variations.

Experimental evidence for self-limiting reactive flow through a fractured cement core: implications for time-dependent wellbore leakage.

We present a set of reactive transport experiments in cement fractures. The experiments simulate coupling between flow and reaction when acidic, CO(2)-rich fluids flow along a leaky wellbore. An analog dilute acid with a pH between 2.

c-kit+ precursors support postinfarction myogenesis in the neonatal, but not adult, heart.

We examined the myogenic response to infarction in neonatal and adult mice to determine the role of c-kit(+) cardiovascular precursor cells (CPC) that are known to be present in early heart development. Infarction of postnatal day 1-3 c-kit(BAC)-EGFP mouse hearts induced the localized expansion of (c-kit)EGFP(+) cells within the infarct, expression of the c-kit and Nkx2.5 mRNA, myogenesis, and partial regeneration of the infarction, with (c-kit)EGFP(+) cells adopting myogenic and vascular fates.

Application of the lithiation-borylation reaction to the rapid and enantioselective synthesis of the bisabolane family of sesquiterpenes.

The expedient enantioselective synthesis of 5 bisabolane sesquiterpenes has been achieved using a common, one-pot lithiation-borylation reaction of secondary benzylic carbamates and either protodeboronation or oxidation to give the natural products in fewer than 5 steps, with high yield and >94 : 6 er.

Convergent validity of MCMI-III clinical syndrome scales.

Objectives: This study tested the convergent validity of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) clinical syndrome scales.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Methods: Using a sample of 186 substance abusers from one single town referred for assessment, convergent and discriminant validity of the MCMI-III and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) diagnoses was conducted.

and (Araceae: Schismatoglottideae): A new example for the significance of pollen morphology in Araceae systematics.

Pollen characters in Araceae accord well with recent DNA-based phylogenies, and here we provide a new example of "compass needle" quality in Araceae on the basis of two closely related genera, and . All investigated pollen is psilate (smooth pollen surface) with calcium crystals covering the pollen surface. By contrast, pollen of species transferred to recently resurrected ( and ) is distinctively echinate (spiny).

Genetic background effects of keratin 8 and 18 in a DDC-induced hepatotoxicity and Mallory-Denk body formation mouse model.

Keratin 8 (K8) and keratin 18 (K18) form the major hepatocyte cytoskeleton. We investigated the impact of genetic loss of either K8 or K18 on liver homeostasis under toxic stress with the hypothesis that K8 and K18 exert different functions. krt8⁻/⁻ and krt18⁻/⁻ mice crossed into the same 129-ola genetic background were treated by acute and chronic administration of 3,5-diethoxy-carbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC).

ARTD1 deletion causes increased hepatic lipid accumulation in mice fed a high-fat diet and impairs adipocyte function and differentiation.

ADP-ribosyltransferase Diphtheria toxin-like 1 [ARTD1; formerly called poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1)] is a chromatin-associated enzyme involved in regulating metabolic homeostasis. The liver is at the core of glucose and lipid metabolism and is significantly affected by obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Here, we show that when fed a high-fat diet (HFD), mice lacking ARTD1 developed exacerbated hepatic steatosis.

Live monitoring of small vessels during development and disease using the flt-1 promoter element.

Vessel formation is of critical importance for organ function in the normal and diseased state. In particular, the labeling and quantitation of small vessels prove to be technically challenging using current approaches. We have, therefore, established a transgenic embryonic stem (ES) cell line and a transgenic mouse model where the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor VEGFR-1 (flt-1) promoter drives the expression of the live reporter eGFP.

The ASRS-6 has two latent factors: attention deficit and hyperactivity.

Objective: To test whether the adult self-report scale for ADHD, six-items version (ASRS-6), measures inattentiveness and hyperactivity independently.

Method: The ASRS-6 was completed by 234 university students and 157 outpatients treated for drug dependence. In both samples, the ASRS-6 was subjected to two confirmatory factor analyses, one testing a one-factor model and the other testing a model with two correlated factors indicating inattentiveness and hyperactivity, respectively.