Efficacy, safety and quality-of-life data from patients with pre-treated metastatic colorectal cancer receiving trifluridine/tipiracil: results of the TALLISUR trial.

Introduction: Trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD/TPI) improved both overall and progression-free survival (OS, PFS) of patients with pre-treated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in the pivotal phase III RECOURSE trial. However, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was not assessed directly. To this end and to generate post-authorisation data, the TALLISUR trial was conducted.

Advances in hemorrhage control resuscitation.

Purpose Of Review: Despite significant advances in trauma management over the last twenty years, uncontrolled hemorrhage remains the leading cause of preventable death in trauma. We review recent changes affecting hemorrhage control resuscitation.

Recent Findings: Early blood product usage has become well established as a standard of care in trauma hemorrhage control.

Discovery of Novel Inhibitors of Uridine Diphosphate--Acetylenolpyruvylglucosamine Reductase (MurB) from , an Opportunistic Infectious Agent Causing Death in Cystic Fibrosis Patients.

is of major concern for cystic fibrosis patients where this infection can be fatal. With the emergence of drug-resistant strains, there is an urgent need to develop novel antibiotics against . MurB is a promising target for novel antibiotic development as it is involved in the cell wall biosynthesis.

Identification of a Potent Cytotoxic Pyrazole with Anti-Breast Cancer Activity That Alters Multiple Pathways.

In this study, we identified a novel pyrazole-based derivative (P3C) that displayed potent cytotoxicity against 27 human cancer cell lines derived from different tissue origins with 50% cytotoxic concentrations (CC) in the low micromolar and nanomolar range, particularly in two triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines (from 0.25 to 0.49 µM).

A Mixed Method Study of the Effects of Post-Migration Economic Stressors on the Mental Health of Recently Resettled Refugees.

After years of emphasis on pre-migration trauma as the major determinant of refugee mental health, researchers have begun to explore the effects of post-migration stressors on refugees' distress. However, few studies have brought together refugees' emic understandings of the effects of economic stressors on their mental health with quantitative datasets to further explore the salience of stress processes as an explanatory mechanism. In qualitative interviews, 40% of 290 recently resettled adult refugees noted that economic stressors were a major source of distress and described pathways through which these stressors negatively influenced their mental health by limiting their ability to learn English, obtain meaningful employment, access healthcare, maintain contact with their families, and integrate in their communities.

Therapy-Related Transcriptional Subtypes in Matched Primary and Recurrent Head and Neck Cancer.

Purpose: The genetic relatedness between primary and recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) reflects the extent of heterogeneity and therapy-driven selection of tumor subpopulations. Yet, current treatment of recurrent HNSCC ignores the molecular characteristics of therapy-resistant tumor populations.

Experimental Design: From 150 tumors, 74 primary HNSCCs were RNA sequenced and 38 matched primary/recurrent tumor pairs were both whole-exome and RNA sequenced.

Comparative analysis of Bricker versus Wallace ureteroenteric anastomosis and identification of predictors for postoperative ureteroenteric stricture.

Purpose: Ureteroenteric anastomosis after cystectomy is usually performed using the Bricker or Wallace technique. Deterioration of renal function is the most common long-term complication of urinary diversion (UD). To improve surgical care and optimize long-term renal function, we compared the Bricker and Wallace anastomotic techniques and identified risk factors for ureteroenteric strictures (UES) in patients after cystectomy.

High Prevalence of Gene Fusions and Copy Number Alterations in Pediatric Radiation Therapy-Induced Papillary and Follicular Thyroid Carcinomas.

Childhood cancer survivors and bone marrow transplant recipients treated with radiation therapy (RT) are at increased risk for subsequent thyroid cancer. However, the genetic landscape of pediatric thyroid cancer, both primary and RT-induced, remains poorly defined, as pediatric papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has been understudied compared with adults and data on pediatric follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) are virtually nonexistent. The objective of this study was to characterize and compare the molecular profiles of pediatric RT-induced PTC and FTC cases with primary pediatric thyroid cancers.

Impact of a two-stage subgingival instrumentation scheme involving air polishing on attachment gain after active periodontal therapy.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether clinical attachment level gain (ΔCAL) in deep untreated periodontal lesions may be improved by a two-stage, subgingival instrumentation scheme involving air polishing.

Methods: This 6-month, randomized, controlled, examiner-masked clinical trial was performed in 44 patients with periodontitis with untreated periodontal lesions ≥6 mm. At baseline, day 28, 84, and 168 CAL, probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and plaque control record (PlaCR) were recorded.

MCMICRO: a scalable, modular image-processing pipeline for multiplexed tissue imaging.

Highly multiplexed tissue imaging makes detailed molecular analysis of single cells possible in a preserved spatial context. However, reproducible analysis of large multichannel images poses a substantial computational challenge. Here, we describe a modular and open-source computational pipeline, MCMICRO, for performing the sequential steps needed to transform whole-slide images into single-cell data.

The role of tumor acidification in aggressiveness, cell dissemination and treatment resistance of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Aims: To investigate the role of tumor acidification in cell behavior, migration, and treatment resistance of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Main Methods: The SCC4 and SCC25 cell lines were exposed to acidified (pH 6.8) cell culture medium for 7 days.

Prostate specific membrane antigen-radio guided surgery using Cerenkov luminescence imaging-utilization of a short-pass filter to reduce technical pitfalls.

Background: Intraoperative Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) is a novel technique to assess surgical margins in patients undergoing nerve sparing radical prostatectomy (RP). Here, we analyze the efficacy of a 550-nm optical short-pass filter (OF) to improve its performance.

Methods: In this prospective single-center feasibility study ten patients with prostate cancer (PC) were included between December 2019 and April 2020, including three patients without tracer injection as a control group.

Providing whole blood for an urban paramedical ambulance system.

Introduction: Hemorrhage is the second leading cause of death among urban trauma patients, and the provision of prehospital blood-based resuscitation can be lifesaving. We developed an efficient system to support blood-based resuscitation by an urban advanced life support ambulance system.

Methods: We worked with our state health department for permission for fire department paramedics to initiate blood transfusion and built protocols for field whole blood resuscitation.

Retrograde Pyelography in the Presence of Urothelial Bladder Cancer Does Not Affect the Risk of Upper Tract Urothelial Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis of a Single-Centre Cohort.

Objective: Patients with bladder cancer (BC) are at risk of developing upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Therefore, CT urography is recommended for follow-up. To avoid intravenous contrast agents, retrograde pyelography (RPG) is an alternative.

Curcuma longa hydrolate improves Nile tilapia survival in a recirculation rearing system, maintaining the animal homeostasis and modulating the gut microbial community.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the dietary supplementation Curcuma longa hydrolate on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in a recirculation system. Hemato-immunological parameters, growth performance, nitrogen and phosphorus retention, as well as body composition and its interaction with the intestinal microbiota, were studied. Nile tilapia fingerlings (120) were distributed randomly in 8 polyethylene tanks (40 L).

The 2021 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: code red for a healthy future.

Unlabelled: The Countdown is an international collaboration that independently monitors the health consequences of a changing climate. Publishing updated, new, and improved indicators each year, the Countdown represents the consensus of leading researchers from 43 academic institutions and UN agencies. The 44 indicators of this report expose an unabated rise in the health impacts of climate change and the current health consequences of the delayed and inconsistent response of countries around the globe—providing a clear imperative for accelerated action that puts the health of people and planet above all else.

Prognostic Gene Signature for Squamous Cell Carcinoma with a Higher Risk for Treatment Failure and Accelerated MEK-ERK Pathway Activity.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most prevalent histological type of human cancer, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, reliable prognostic gene signatures for SCC and underlying genetic and/or epigenetic principles are still unclear. We identified 37 prognostic candidate genes by best cutoff computation based on survival in a pan-SCC cohort ( = 1334) of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), whose expression stratified not only the pan-SCC cohort but also independent HNSCC validation cohorts into three distinct prognostic subgroups.

Tumor DNA-methylome derived epigenetic fingerprint identifies HPV-negative head and neck patients at risk for locoregional recurrence after postoperative radiochemotherapy.

Biomarkers with relevance for loco-regional therapy are needed in human papillomavirus negative aka HPV(-) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Based on the premise that DNA methylation pattern is highly conserved, we sought to develop a reliable and robust methylome-based classifier identifying HPV(-) HNSCC patients at risk for loco-regional recurrence (LR) and all-event progression after postoperative radiochemotherapy (PORT-C). The training cohort consisted of HPV-DNA negative HNSCC patients (n = 128) homogeneously treated with PORT-C in frame of the German Cancer Consortium-Radiation Oncology Group (DKTK-ROG) multicenter biomarker trial.

Reirradiation With Stereotactic Radiosurgery After Local or Marginal Recurrence of Brain Metastases From Previous Radiosurgery.

Purpose: Brain metastases represent a major indication for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), but further study is needed regarding repeat SRS (SRS2) after local or marginal recurrence after prior SRS (SRS1). We report local tumor control (LC) after SRS2 and identify predictors of radiation necrosis (RN) and symptomatic RN (SRN).

Methods And Materials: Patients had biopsy-proven non-small cell lung cancer and at least 1 brain metastasis previously treated with SRS.

Cold-stored whole blood and platelet counts in severe acute injury: A comparison of four retrospective cohorts.

Background: Low-titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) is attractive for acute trauma care as it delivers concentrated and balanced hemostatic resuscitation in single large bags. Whether cold-stored LTOWB can sustain platelet counts is unclear.

Study Design And Methods: Four cohorts of trauma patients-three historic, one retrospective-were identified by their urgency of blood use.

Blood component use and injury characteristics of acute trauma patients arriving from the scene of injury or as transfers to a large, mature US Level 1 trauma center serving a large, geographically diverse region.

Background: Advanced trauma care demands the timely availability of hemostatic blood products, posing special challenges for regional systems in geographically diverse areas. We describe acute trauma blood use by transfer status and injury characteristics at a large regional Level 1 trauma center.

Study Design And Methods: We reviewed Harborview Medical Center (HMC) Trauma Registry, Transfusion Service, and electronic medical records on acute trauma patients for demographics, injury patterns, blood use, and in-hospital mortality, 2011-2019.