Examining the effectiveness of a social-play-based programme to reduce symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Saudi elementary school children.

Background: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental conditions in children, and can profoundly affect their social interactions, well-being, and relationships with parents, peers, and teachers.

Objective: This study investigated the effectiveness of a social-play-based intervention programme in reducing ADHD symptoms in a sample of 67 Saudi boys aged 8-10 diagnosed with ADHD.

Methods: The programme consisted of ten 60-minute sessions of play-based activities, delivered to the experimental group twice weekly for 5 weeks.

Challenges, practices, and impact of COVID-19 among mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder in cities and remote areas in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) across Saudi Arabia have experienced tremendous challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the challenges may be different for mothers living in a city compared to those living more remotely.

Aims: We investigated challenges and practices related to COVID-19 and their impact among Saudi mothers of children with ASD in cities and remote areas during the pandemic.

Emotions as social information in unambiguous situations: role of emotions on procedural justice perception.

Unlabelled: Emotion as Social Information Theory claims that in an ambiguous situation, people rely on others' emotions to make sense of the level of fairness encountered. We tested whether the information provided by emotions about the fairness of a procedure is still a significant factor in explaining individual differences in perception of variance, even in unambiguous situations. We assessed the effects of others' emotions on observers inferred procedural justice during (un)ambiguous situations when people are treated (un)fairly.

Diagnostic survey of dyslexia and accompanying behavioral indicators in primary school students in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Although dyslexia is the most common learning disorder in children, it has not received adequate attention in Saudi Arabia.

Aims: This study aimed at determining the prevalence of dyslexia among Saudi students in Grades 3-6, exploring associations between severity of dyslexia, its behavioral indicators, gender and grade, and the moderating role of grade in the relationship between severity and behavioral indicators.

Methods And Procedures: The sample consisted of 2848 female students and 2647 male students in Zulfi governorate, Saudi Arabia.

Mediated effects of insomnia in the association between problematic social media use and subjective well-being among university students during COVID-19 pandemic.

Recently, the use of social media has penetrated many aspects of our daily lives. Therefore, it has stimulated much debate and polarisation regarding its impact on mental well-being. The present study investigated the association between problematic use of social media, subjective well-being, and insomnia's potential mediator.

An Investigation of Differential Relationships of Implicit and Explicit Aggression: Validation of an Arabic Version of the Conditional Reasoning Test for Aggression.

Most personality research in the workplace relies on self-reports. Although self-report measures are believed to assess the explicit aspect of personality, a more recent approach for assessing implicit personality is based on conditional reasoning. The Conditional Reasoning Test for Aggression (CRT-A) was developed to assess implicit cognitions that justify aggressive behavior.

Working memory subsystems are impaired in chronic drug dependents.

Background: A large body of research that has investigated substance dependence and working memory (WM) resources, yet no prior study has used a comprehensive test battery to examine the impact of chronic drug dependence on WM as a multi-component system.

Objectives: This study examined the efficiency of several WM components in participants who were chronic drug dependents. In addition, the functioning of the four WM components was compared among dependents of various types of drugs.

The role and impact of contextual factors on functioning in patients with bipolar disorder.

Purposes: The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, provides the framework to describe individual's functioning and allows the study of the interaction between patient's health status and the environmental factors involved. The main aim of this study was to analyse systematically those factors involved in the functioning of bipolar patients including the role of contextual factors.

Methods: Eighty-eight euthymic patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder were included.

Explaining functional outcomes in depression treatment: a multilevel modelling approach.

Background: The main aim of this study is to investigate the role that social, environmental and personal factors play in explaining change in function in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).

Method: The sample of the current study comes from a naturalistic and prospective cohort study of patients starting antidepressant treatment in one distinct health area of Madrid. A total of 97 adults (18 years or older) with MDD have been followed up three points in time and evaluated with the WHO_DAS II and instruments that assessed socio-demographic characteristics, clinical and contextual factors.

Social network structure and social support in HIV-positive inner city mothers.

It has been documented that social support influences health outcomes of persons with chronic illnesses. The incidence of HIV and AIDS among minority women is growing at an alarming rate, but little is known about social support in this vulnerable population, and even less is known about the social network conveying that support. Guided by the convoy of social networks model, this study describes the social networks in a sample of HIV-positive, urban-dwelling mothers (N = 147) by stage of disease (i.