Effects of internal cooling on physical performance, physiological and perceptional parameters when exercising in the heat: A systematic review with meta-analyses.

An elevated core temperature (core) increases the risk of performance impairments and heat-related illness. Internal cooling (IC) has the potential to lower core when exercising in the heat. The aim of the review was to systematically analyze the effects of IC on performance, physiological, and perceptional parameters.

A Scoping Review of Current Guidelines on Dietary Fat and Fat Quality.

Introduction: We conducted a scoping review of dietary guidelines with the intent of developing a position paper by the "IUNS Task force on Dietary Fat Quality" tasked to summarize the available evidence and provide the basis for dietary recommendations.

Methods: We systematically searched several databases and Web sites for relevant documents published between 2015 and 2019.

Results: Twenty documents were included.

Total Dietary Fat Intake, Fat Quality, and Health Outcomes: A Scoping Review of Systematic Reviews of Prospective Studies.

Introduction: We conducted a scoping review of systematic reviews (SRs) on dietary fat intake and health outcomes in human adults within the context of a position paper by the "International Union of Nutritional Sciences Task force on Dietary Fat Quality" tasked to summarize the available evidence and provide dietary recommendations.

Methods: We systematically searched several databases for relevant SRs of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and/or prospective cohort studies published between 2015 and 2019 assessing the association between dietary fat and health outcomes.

Results: Fifty-nine SRs were included.

Type of Care and Living Situation Are Associated with Nutritional Care but Not Nutritional Status of Older Persons Receiving Home Care.

Nutritional care and nutritional status may differ in older persons receiving informal (IC) or professional (PC) home care and further depend on the living situation, but little is known in this regard. In this analysis of a cross-sectional multicenter study, type of care, living situation, and nutritional care were enquired in 353 older adults (≥65) receiving IC or PC, living either with partner (LP), with others (LO) or alone (LA), and the nutritional status was determined by BMI and MNA. For IC receivers, food shopping (IC-LP 94%, IC-LO 96%, IC-LA 92%) and warm meals (IC-LP 89%, IC-LO 90%, IC-LA 71%) were mainly provided by relatives, whereas 47% of PC-LA prepared warm meals by themselves and 22% received meals on wheels.

Dietary exposure assessment of aluminium and cadmium from cocoa in relation to cocoa origin.

Cocoa contains aluminium and cadmium as environmental contaminants while concentrations are supposed to be country of origin-related. Integrating origin in dietary exposure assessment could refine calculations. Averages or higher percentiles of concentrations in cocoa powder from German Food Monitoring (GFM) and cocoa consumption from the German National Nutrition Survey II (NVS II) were combined in standard scenarios.

Revised Reference Values for the Intake of Protein.

Background: Following a timely update process, the nutrition societies of Germany, Austria, and Switzerland (D-A-CH) revised the reference values for the intake of protein in 2017. The Working Group conducted a structured literature search in PubMed considering newly published papers (2000- 2017).

Summary: For infants < 4 months, the estimated values were set based on the protein intake via breast milk.

Refinement of dietary exposure assessment using origin-related scenarios.

Global sourcing of food may lead to variability in concentrations of contaminants or pesticide residues. It would be important to incorporate origin influences in dietary exposure assessment. To characterise uncertainties, substance concentrations from GFM (German Food Monitoring), chosen based on the highest CV (coefficient of variation), and food consumption from NVS II (German National Nutrition Survey II) were combined in standard scenarios.

Revised Reference Values for the Intake of Sodium and Chloride.

Background: In January 2017, the nutrition societies of -Germany, Austria and Switzerland revised the reference values for sodium and chloride intake.

Methods: For adults, the estimated value for sodium intake was derived on the basis of a balance study. The estimated values for children and adolescents were extrapolated from this estimated value considering differences in body mass.

Revised Reference Values for Potassium Intake.

Background: The nutrition societies of Germany, Austria and Switzerland have revised the reference values for potassium intake in January 2017.

Methods: For adults, the estimated value was based on the 24-h urinary potassium excretion and on preventive considerations regarding hypertension and stroke. The estimated values for children and adolescents were extrapolated from the adult estimated value considering differences in body mass.

Energy and Protein Intake, Anthropometrics, and Disease Burden in Elderly Home-care Receivers--A Cross-sectional Study in Germany (ErnSIPP Study).

Objective: To date, no study has examined the nutritional status and disease burden of elderly home-care receivers living in Germany. Aim of this cross-sectional study was, first, to assess disease burden and nutritional status, denoted in anthropometrics, and, second, to investigate associations between anthropometrics and disease burden.

Design: Cross-sectional multi-centre study.

Intraguild predation leads to cascading effects on habitat choice, behaviour and reproductive performance.

Intraguild predation (IGP) is a commonly recognized mechanism influencing the community structure of predators, but the complex interactions are notoriously difficult to disentangle. The mesopredator suppression hypothesis predicts that a superpredator may either simultaneously repress two mesopredators, restrain the dominant one and thereby release the subdominant mesopredator, or elicit different responses by both mesopredators. We show the outcome arising from such conditions in a three-level predator assemblage (Eurasian eagle owl Bubo bubo L.

Revised reference values for selenium intake.

The German, Austrian and Swiss nutrition societies are the joint editors of the 'reference values for nutrient intake'. They have revised the reference values for the intake of selenium and published them in February 2015. The saturation of selenoprotein P (SePP) in plasma is used as a criterion for the derivation of reference values for selenium intake in adults.

Revised D-A-CH intake recommendations for folate: how much is needed?

The D-A-CH reference value (D-A-CH arises from the initial letters of the common country identification for the countries Germany (D), Austria (A) and Switzerland (CH)) for folate equivalents had been set at 400 μg/d for adults in the year 2000. By that time, the prevention of cardiovascular diseases through reduction of homocysteine was considered an important target of the reference value. Since that time a number of research papers revealed that in spite of an inverse association between folate-rich diet and chronic diseases, a preventive effect of folic acid intake on cardiovascular events was not supported by randomized controlled trials, and the reduction of plasma homocysteine levels to around 10-12 μmol/l did not reduce the risk for thromboembolic and cardiovascular diseases in persons already affected by these diseases.

Prognostic differences of the Mini Nutritional Assessment short form and long form in relation to 1-year functional decline and mortality in community-dwelling older adults receiving home care.

Objectives: To compare the prognostic value of the revised Mini Nutritional Assessment short form (MNA-SF) classification with that of the long form (MNA-LF) in relation to mortality and functional change in community-dwelling older adults receiving home care in Germany.

Design: Multicenter, 1-year prospective observational study.

Setting: Community.

German database on the occurrence of food additives: application for intake estimation of five food colours for toddlers and children.

To get a more realistic estimation of food additive intake for toddlers and children, a German database on the occurrence of food additives was created. It uses consumption data of two recent national nutrition surveys for toddlers and children in combination with qualitative information of food additive occurrence in the consumed food. The information on food additive occurrence is based on food labelling.

Nutritional status and related factors in elderly nursing home residents: comparative cross-sectional study in migrants and native Germans.

Former guest workers in Germany who stayed on after retirement are now older than 70 years. Nursing homes (NH) are broadening their offer to meet specific requirements of this population. The nutritional status and related problems of the older ethnic minority group living in German NH has so far not been investigated.

Malnutrition is related to functional impairment in older adults receiving home care.

Objectives: The aims of this work were (a) to provide a detailed description of the association between nutritional (Mini Nutritional Assessment; MNA®) and functional status in a sample of older adults receiving home care, using both questionnaire- and performance-based functional methods, and (b) to investigate the impact of different MNA subscales on this association.

Design: Multi-centre, cross-sectional.

Setting: Home care.

Institutional factors associated with the nutritional status of residents from 10 German nursing homes (ErnSTES study).

Objectives: In nursing homes malnutrition among residents is widespread. Because residents place part of their personal freedom of choice into institutional hands, institution-specific factors may influence nutritional status of residents.

Design: Multi-centre cross-sectional study.

EURRECA/WHO workshop report: 'Deriving Micronutrient Recommendations: Updating Best Practices'.

This paper describes the outcome of the workshop 'Deriving Micronutrient Recommendations: Updating Best Practices' which took place in Brussels in April 2012. The workshop was organised jointly by the European Micronutrient Recommendations Aligned (EURRECA) Network of Excellence and the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe. The delegates included, among others, representatives from nutrient recommendation setting bodies (NRSBs) across Europe.

Folic acid and other potential measures in the prevention of neural tube defects.

Neural tube defects (NTD) are common congenital malformations leading to severe disability or even death. The causes of NTD are multifactorial, including genetic predisposition, nutritional and environmental risk factors, and other maternal conditions. Some countries have introduced mandatory or at least voluntary folic acid fortification as an effective measure to reduce NTD, whereas others support periconceptional supplementation of women of childbearing age.

Changes in food and nutrient intake of 6- to 17-year-old Germans between the 1980s and 2006.

Objective: To compare the food consumption and nutrient intakes of German children and adolescents in the 1980s with present dietary habits.

Design: Two cross-sectional representative surveys, the German National Food Consumption Study (Nationale Verzehrsstudie, NVS) from 1985-8 and the nutrition module 'EsKiMo' of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) from 2006, were analysed for differences in food and nutrient intakes stratified by age and sex groups.

Setting: Secondary analyses of data from representative observational studies.

Not all cases of neural-tube defect can be prevented by increasing the intake of folic acid.

Some countries have introduced mandatory folic acid fortification, whereas others support periconceptional supplementation of women in childbearing age. Several European countries are considering whether to adopt a fortification policy. Projections of the possible beneficial effects of increased folic acid intake assume that the measure will result in a considerable reduction in neural-tube defects (NTD) in the target population.

[Dietary supplement use among adolescents in Germany. Results of EsKiMo].

In 2006, 20 % of adolescents aged 12-17 years used dietary supplements. Persons with high physical activity levels as well as those with high education levels consumed dietary supplements more often than others. Many supplement users used only one single-nutrient supplement.

[EsKiMo - the nutrition module in the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS)].

In a module of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS), the dietary behaviour of 6-17-year-olds was assessed from January to December 2006. The study, named EsKiMo (Eating Study as a KiGGS Module), was performed by the Robert Koch Institute together with the division of nutrition and consumer education at the University of Paderborn. It was funded by the Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection.