The analgesic interaction of tramadol and morphine in rats: An isobolographic study.

In order to assess possible synergistic antinociceptive interactions, the analgesic effects of intra-peritoneal tramadol and morphine administered either separately or in combination were determined using tail-flick latency test following exposure to radiant heat in rats. Groups of eight male Sprague-Dawley rats received either tramadol (3.90, 7.

Evaluation of guide wire cannulation in reduced risk of post - ERCP pancreatitis and facilitated bile duct cannulation.

Background: Pancreatitis is most common complication of post-ERCP and needs to admission at least for one day. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of guide wire for better common bile duct (CBD) cannulation for reducing post-ERCP pancreatitis.

Methods: From April 2010 through March 2011, the patients who needed ERCP and referred to Shahid Beheshti and Rouhani Teaching Hospital were entered into the study.