Metal(loid) tolerance, accumulation, and phytoremediation potential of wetland macrophytes for multi-metal(loid)s polluted water.

Natural based solutions, notably constructed/artificial wetland treatment systems, rely heavily on identification and use of macrophytes with the ability to tolerate multiple contaminants and grow for an extended period to reduce contamination. The potential to tolerate and remediate metal(loid) contaminated groundwater from an industrial site located in Flanders (Belgium) was assessed for 10 wetland macrophytes (including Carex riparia Curtis, Cyperus longus Baker, Cyperus rotundus L., Iris pseudacorus L.

Macrophyte assisted phytoremediation and toxicological profiling of metal(loid)s polluted water is influenced by hydraulic retention time.

The present study reports findings related to the treatment of polluted groundwater using macrophyte-assisted phytoremediation. The potential of three macrophyte species (Phragmites australis, Scirpus holoschoenus, and Typha angustifolia) to tolerate exposure to multi-metal(loid) polluted groundwater was first evaluated in mesocosms for 7- and 14-day batch testing. In the 7-day batch test, the polluted water was completely replaced and renewed after 7 days, while for 14 days exposure, the same polluted water, added in the first week, was maintained.

Biostimulation of sulfate reduction for in-situ metal(loid) precipitation at an industrial site in Flanders, Belgium.

A 30-month pilot study was conducted to evaluate the potential of in-situ metal(loid) removal through biostimulation of sulfate-reducing processes. The study took place at an industrial site in Flanders, Belgium, known for metal(loid) contamination in soil and groundwater. Biostimulation involved two incorporations of an organic substrate (emulsified vegetable oil) as electron donor and potassium bicarbonate to raise the pH of the groundwater by 1-1.

Phytostabilization of metal(loid)s by ten emergent macrophytes following a 90-day exposure to industrially contaminated groundwater.

Better understanding of macrophyte tolerance under long exposure times in real environmental matrices is crucial for phytoremediation and phytoattenuation strategies for aquatic systems. The metal(loid) attenuation ability of 10 emergent macrophyte species (Carex riparia, Cyperus longus, Cyperus rotundus, Iris pseudacorus, Juncus effusus, Lythrum salicaria, Menta aquatica, Phragmites australis, Scirpus holoschoenus, and Typha angustifolia) was investigated using real groundwater from an industrial site, over a 90-day exposure period. A "phytobial" treatment was included, with 3 plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial strains.