Trade-offs in Evidence Based Design: 'the Patient Door Debate'.

The door between the semi-public corridor and the single-occupancy patient room of a newly built University Medical Centre in the Netherlands has been heavily debated during its Evidence Based Design (EBD) and experience-informed design. It was also heavily debated since the wards came into use in 2018. It is well known that, regarding door design, a trade-off has to be made between aspects such as privacy, visibility, and safety.

Perspectives on Assessing the Flexibility of Hospitals for Crisis Mode Operations: Lessons From the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Netherlands.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic placed healthcare design at the heart of the crisis. Hospitals faced challenges such as rapidly increasing their intensive care unit capacity, enabling physical distancing measures, quickly converting to telehealth and telework practices, and above all, keeping patients and staff safe. Improving flexibility in hospital facility design and adaptability of hospital operations to function in "crisis mode" can be seen as ways of future-proofing for pandemics.

Impact of sink design on bacterial transmission from hospital sink drains to the surrounding sink environment tested using a fluorescent marker.

In hospitals, sinks act as reservoirs for bacterial pathogens. To assess the extent of splashing, fluorescein dye was added to four hospital sinks previously involved in pathogen dispersal to the environment and/or transmission to patients, and one sink that was not. Applying dye to the p-trap or tailpiece did not result in any fluorescent droplets outside of the drain.

Gene overexpression and biochemical characterization of the biotechnologically relevant chlorogenic acid hydrolase from Aspergillus niger.

The full-length gene that encodes the chlorogenic acid hydrolase from Aspergillus niger CIRM BRFM 131 was cloned by PCR based on the genome of the strain A. niger CBS 513.88.

Genome sequencing and analysis of the versatile cell factory Aspergillus niger CBS 513.88.

The filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger is widely exploited by the fermentation industry for the production of enzymes and organic acids, particularly citric acid. We sequenced the 33.9-megabase genome of A.

Catabolite inactivation of the yeast maltose transporter occurs in the vacuole after internalization by endocytosis.

The maltose transporter of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is rapidly degraded during fermentation in the absence of a nitrogen source. The location and mechanism of degradation of the transporter have been investigated. Using mutants defective in endocytosis, we have shown that degradation of this transporter requires internalization by endocytosis.

Catabolite inactivation of the yeast maltose transporter is due to proteolysis.

The maltose transport capacity of fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae rapidly decreases when protein synthesis is impaired. Using polyclonal antibodies against a recombinant maltose transporter-protein we measured the cellular content of the transporter along this inactivation process. Loss of transport capacity was paralleled by a decrease of cross-reacting material which suggests degradation of the transporter.

Characterization of the 56-kDa subunit of yeast trehalose-6-phosphate synthase and cloning of its gene reveal its identity with the product of CIF1, a regulator of carbon catabolite inactivation.

Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase is the key enzyme for biosynthesis of trehalose, the major soluble carbohydrate in resting cells of yeast. This enzyme was purified from a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking vacuolar proteases. It was found to be a multimeric protein of 630 kDa.

Uncoupler-inhibitor titrations of ATP-driven reverse electron transfer in bovine submitochondrial particles provide evidence for direct interaction between ATPase and NADH:Q oxidoreductase.

From the chemiosmotic hypothesis it follows that no change is expected in potency of an uncoupler to inhibit an energy-driven reaction in an energy-transducing membrane if the energy-requiring part of the reaction, the so-called secondary proton pump, is partially inhibited by a specific, tightly bound inhibitor. An increase in potency upon inhibition of the primary pump may be expected, due to a lower rate of the total proton flow that can be used by the secondary pump and dissipated by the uncoupler. Contrary to this prediction several uncouplers (S13, SF6847, 2,4-dinitrophenol, valinomycin + nigericin) show an increase in uncoupling efficiency in ATP-driven reverse electron transfer (reversal) upon inhibition of the secondary pump in this reaction, the NADH:Q oxidoreductase, by rotenone.

Inhibition of energy-transducing reactions by 8-nitreno-ATP covalently bound to bovine heart submitochondrial particles: direct interaction between ATPase and redox enzymes.

The photoaffinity label 8-azido-ATP has been used to study the effect of inhibition of ATP synthase on ATP-driven reverse electron transfer from succinate to NAD+ ('reversal'), succinate- and NADH-driven ATP synthesis and ATP-Pi exchange. In reversal, where ATPase functions as primary proton pump, inactivation by covalently bound nitreno-ATP results in an inhibition that is proportional to the inactivation of ATP hydrolysis, or, consequently, with the concentration of inactivated ATP synthases. Up to 60% inactivation of the reversal rate does not lead to a decrease in delta mu H+.

The use of 8-azido-ATP and 8-azido-ADP as photoaffinity labels of the ATP synthase in submitochondrial particles: evidence for a mechanism of ATP hydrolysis involving two independent catalytic sites?

8-Azido-ATP is a substrate for the ATP synthase in submitochondrial particles with a Vmax equal to 6% of the Vmax with ATP. The Km values for 8-azido-ATP are similar to those for ATP. ATP synthase in submitochondrial particles can bind maximally 2 mol 8-N-ATP or 8-N-ADP per mole and the inhibition of ATP hydrolysis by covalently bound N-ATP or N-ADP is proportional to the saturation of the enzyme with inhibitor, similar to the results obtained with isolated F1.