Characteristics Associated with Sudden Unexpected Infant Death in a Rural Hispanic Population: A Case-Control Study.

Introduction: Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) is the leading cause of death among U.S. infants aged 28 days to 1 year.

COVID-19 Impact on Group Prenatal Education: A Comparison of Virtual and In-Person Formats.

This retrospective study compared knowledge, intention, and satisfaction outcomes between pregnant women who attended prenatal education in person ( = 202; 55%) prior to the COVID-19 pandemic or virtually ( = 166; 45%) during the pandemic. Results identified increases in knowledge and intention for a healthy pregnancy and safe infant care for both groups. Virtual participants were less likely to endorse developing a birth plan ( = 0.

Qualitative Assessment of Access to Perinatal Mental Health Care: A Social-Ecological Framework of Barriers.

Introduction: Psychological distress affects up to 25% of pregnant women and contributes to poor birth outcomes. Screening with appropriate referral or treatment is critical, yet many women do not access services. This project aimed to identify knowledge of and barriers to mental health services in the perinatal period.

Promoting Safe Sleep, Tobacco Cessation, and Breastfeeding to Rural Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Quasi-Experimental Study.

Background: Safe Sleep Community Baby Showers address strategies to prevent sleep-related infant deaths. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, these events transitioned from in-person to virtual.

Objective: This study describes outcomes of transitioning Safe Sleep Community Baby Showers to a virtual format and compares outcomes to previous in-person events.

Safe sleep community baby showers to reduce infant mortality risk factors for women who speak Spanish.

Objectives: In the United States, sleep-related deaths are one of the primary causes of death for infants age 28 days to one year. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) developed Safe Sleep Recommendations which provide risk reduction strategies for sleep-related infant deaths. Interventions such as Safe Sleep Community Baby Showers have increased knowledge and intentions to engage in these safe sleep behaviors for women who speak English.

Infant Safe Sleep Promotion: Increasing Capacity of Child Protective Services Employees.

Sleep-related infant deaths, including Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), are the number one cause of death in infants between 28 days and one year of life. Nearly half of families experiencing a sleep-related infant death in Kansas were involved with the Department of Children and Families Child Protective Services (CPS), making CPS staff a priority for safe sleep training. This study assessed the impact of the two-day Kansas Infant Death and SIDS (KIDS) Network Safe Sleep Instructor (SSI) train-the-trainer program on CPS staffs' knowledge of the American Academy of Pediatrics safe sleep recommendations.

Concerns of women regarding pregnancy and childbirth during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: Better understand knowledge, attitudes and practices of pregnant women and mothers of infants around coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods: A 58-item electronic survey was distributed to pregnant and postpartum women (infants <12 months) who were >15 years, English-speaking and enrolled in prenatal programs. Data is summarized using central tendency, frequencies and nonparametric statistics.

Payer Source Associated with Disparities in Procedural, but Not Surgical, Care in a Trauma Population.

Trauma centers are legally bound by Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act to provide equal treatment to trauma patients, regardless of payer source. However, evidence has suggested that disparities in trauma care exist. This study investigated the relationships between payer source and procedures (total, diagnostic, and surgical) and the number of medical consults in an adult trauma population.

Successes and Challenges of Optimal Trauma Care for Rural Family Physicians in Kansas.

Introduction: Kansas has a regionalized trauma system with formal mechanisms for review, however, increased communication with rural providers can uncover opportunities for system process improvement. Therefore, this qualitative study explored perceptions of family medicine physicians staffing emergency departments (ED) in rural areas, specifically to determine what is going well and what areas needed improvement in relation to the trauma system.

Methods: A focus group included Kansas rural family physicians recruited from a local symposium for family medicine physicians.

The Impact of Payer Source on Trauma Outcomes in a Pediatric Population.

Objectives: Determine if there were differences in conclusions drawn regarding disparities in trauma outcomes based on literature-derived payer source definitions in a pediatric population.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective registry review of admitted pediatric trauma patients (≤17 years of age) at a level II pediatric trauma facility. Eligible patients were categorized into 3 payer source definitions: definition 1: commercially insured, Medicaid, uninsured; definition 2: insured, uninsured; definition 3: commercially insured, underinsured.

Association of Injury Factors, Not Body Mass Index, With Hospital Resource Usage in Trauma Patients.

Background: Allocating resources appropriately requires knowing whether obese patients use more resources during a hospital stay than nonobese patients.

Objectives: To determine if trauma patients with different body mass indexes differed in use of resources measured as a multifaceted outcome variable.

Methods: A trauma registry was used for a retrospective study of adult patients admitted to a midwestern level I trauma center.

Usability testing of a fall prevention toolkit.

Objectives: This study sought to evaluate a fall prevention toolkit, determine its ease of use and user satisfaction, and determine the preferred venue of distribution.

Methods: Three forms of assessment were used: focus groups, usability testing, and surveys. Focus group participants were recruited from four locations: two rural health clinics and two urban centers.

The effect of methodology in determining disparities in in-hospital mortality of trauma patients based on payer source.

A retrospective registry review of adult patients admitted to a Level I trauma center sought to determine whether results regarding in-hospital mortality associated with payer source vary on the basis of methodology. Patients were categorized into 4 literature-derived definitions (Definition 1: insured and uninsured; Definition 2: commercially insured, publicly insured, and uninsured; Definition 3: commercially insured, Medicaid, Medicare, and uninsured; and Definition 4: commercially insured, Medicaid, and uninsured). In-hospital mortality differences were found in Definitions 2 and 3, and when reclassifying dual-eligible Medicare/Medicaid into socioeconomic and age indicators.

Acceptability and implementation of debriefings after trauma resuscitation.

Postresuscitation debriefings allow team members to reflect on performance and discuss areas for improvement. Pre-/postsurveys of trauma team members (physicians, mid-level practitioners, technicians, pharmacists, and nurses) were administered to evaluate the acceptability of debriefings and self-perceptions after multidisciplinary trauma resuscitations. After a 3-month trial period, improvements were observed in perceptions of psychological and patient safety, role on team, team communication, and acceptability of the debriefing initiative.

Evaluating the quality of online information about concussions.

Objectives: Compare and assess information available on the Internet about the definition, symptoms, treatment, and return to play recommendations after a concussion.

Methods: The top 10 websites generated by a Google search on the keyword "concussion" were evaluated by two independent researchers and three medical professionals for definition, signs, symptoms, home treatment, care-seeking advice, and return to play recommendations. The medical professionals also rated their willingness to recommend each website to patients.

Physician assistant program education on spirituality and religion in patient encounters.

Purpose: To describe educational practices of physician assistant (PA) programs regarding spirituality and religion discussions during patient encounters. Patients want their health care provider to be aware of their spiritual and religious beliefs. This topic is addressed in physician and nursing education but may not be included in PA programs.

Heritability in cognitive performance: evidence using computer-based testing.

There is overwhelming evidence of genetic influence on cognition. The effect is seen in general cognitive ability, as well as in specific cognitive domains. A conventional assessment approach using face-to-face paper and pencil testing is difficult for large-scale studies.

Effects of chronic stress on memory decline in cognitively normal and mildly impaired older adults.

Objective: The literature provides evidence of a strong relationship between greater stress and memory loss, but few studies have examined this relationship with both variables measured over time. The authors sought to determine the prospective association between subjective and objective measures of chronic stress and rate of memory decline in cognitively normal and mildly impaired older adults.

Method: This longitudinal study was conducted at a university research center and included 61 cognitively normal subjects and 41 subjects with mild cognitive impairment (ages 65-97).

Reaction time distribution analysis of neuropsychological performance in an ADHD sample.

Differences in reaction time (RT) variability have been documented between children with and without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Most previous research has utilized estimates of normal distributions to examine variability. Using a nontraditional approach, the present study evaluated RT distributions on the Conners' Continuous Performance Test in children and adolescents from the Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD sample compared to a matched sample of normal controls (n = 65 pairs).

Assessing medication effects in the MTA study using neuropsychological outcomes.

Background: While studies have increasingly investigated deficits in reaction time (RT) and RT variability in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), few studies have examined the effects of stimulant medication on these important neuropsychological outcome measures.

Methods: 316 children who participated in the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (MTA) completed the Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CPT) at the 24-month assessment point. Outcome measures included standard CPT outcomes (e.

Neuropsychology of adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analytic review.

A comprehensive, empirically based review of the published studies addressing neuropsychological performance in adults diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was conducted to identify patterns of performance deficits. Findings from 33 published studies were submitted to a meta-analytic procedure producing sample-size-weighted mean effect sizes across test measures. Results suggest that neuropsychological deficits are expressed in adults with ADHD across multiple domains of functioning, with notable impairments in attention, behavioral inhibition, and memory, whereas normal performance is noted in simple reaction time.

Development of plants from leaf discs of variegated Coleus and its relation to patterns of leaf chlorosis.

Leaf discs approximately 8 mm in diameter taken from green and from chlorotic areas of variegated leaves of Coleus were grown in light under sterile conditions in a mineral salt, sucrose, vitamin medium supplemented with auxin and cytokinin. Green shoots, which later formed roots, grew from both green and chlorotic discs in media containing suitable amounts of auxin and cytokinin. None developed in media supplemented with auxin alone or with cytokinin alone.

Cytokinin and growth of excised roots of Bryophyllum calycinum.

Excised roots of Bryophyllum calycinum require for growth both auxin and cytokinin. This is demonstrated by the poor growth of 2-mm root tips in a basal medium of mineral salts, sucrose, and vitamins supplemented with either an auxin or a cytokinin, and much better growth when the basal medium is supplemented with both auxin and cytokinin. However, both substances are synthesized by the root, as is demonstrated by the growth of large inocula (dry wt 6-7 mg) through many successive passages in a medium limited to mineral salts, sugar, and vitamins.