Correction to: COVID-19-associated acute cerebral venous thrombosis: clinical, CT, MRI and EEG features.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Report on Electroencephalographic Findings in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19.

In March 2020, we treated a cohort of 26 critically ill hospitalized SARS-CoV-2-infected patients who underwent electroencephalography to assess unexplained altered mental status, loss of consciousness, or poor arousal and responsiveness. Of the 26 patients studied, 5 patients had electroencephalograms that showed periodic discharges consisting of high-amplitude frontal monomorphic delta waves with absence of epileptic activity. These findings may suggest central nervous system injury potentially related to COVID-19 in these patients.

Herpes simplex encephalitis: A new type of "ICU-acquired infection"?

Purpose: Although it is a well-known disease, the occurrence of encephalitis (HSE) during a hospital stay may render the diagnosis particularly challenging. The objective of this report is to alert clinicians about the diagnostic pitfalls arising from hospital-developed HSE.

Materials And Methods: Clinical observation of one patient.

Outcome of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke in patients aged over 80 years.

Aim: Practitioners are faced with a substantial challenge when considering recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) therapy for older patients with ischemic stroke. Patients aged over 80 years suffer from the most severe cerebral infarcts. The benefit of rt-PA treatment compared with single standard care only in stroke units remains to be clearly assessed.

Beyond the core face-processing network: Intracerebral stimulation of a face-selective area in the right anterior fusiform gyrus elicits transient prosopagnosia.

According to neuropsychological evidence, a distributed network of regions of the ventral visual pathway - from the lateral occipital cortex to the temporal pole - supports face recognition. However, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have generally confined ventral face-selective areas to the posterior section of the occipito-temporal cortex, i.e.

Catching the invisible: mesial temporal source contribution to simultaneous EEG and SEEG recordings.

Mesial temporal sources are presumed to escape detection in scalp electroencephalographic recordings. This is attributed to the deep localization and infolded geometry of mesial temporal structures that leads to a cancellation of electrical potentials, and to the blurring effect of the superimposed neocortical background activity. In this study, we analyzed simultaneous scalp and intracerebral electroencephalographic recordings to delineate the contribution of mesial temporal sources to scalp electroencephalogram.

Neurosurgery in Parkinson's disease: Social adjustment, quality of life and coping strategies.

Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation has become a standard neurosurgical therapy for advanced Parkinson's disease. Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation can dramatically improve the motor symptoms of carefully selected patients with this disease. Surprisingly, some specific dimensions of quality of life, "psychological" aspects and social adjustment do not always improve, and they could sometimes be even worse.

Self-face hallucination evoked by electrical stimulation of the human brain.

Objectives: Self-face hallucination (autoscopic hallucination or AH) has been reported in patients with widespread brain damage or retrospectively after epileptic seizures. The neural basis and the self-processing operations underlying AH remain unknown.

Methods: We report the results of intracerebral electrical stimulations of the right medial occipitoparietal cortex (right precuneus and occipitoparietal sulcus) in 2 patients with epilepsy who underwent a stereo-EEG.

Intracerebral electrical stimulation of a face-selective area in the right inferior occipital cortex impairs individual face discrimination.

During intracerebral stimulation of the right inferior occipital cortex, a patient with refractory epilepsy was transiently impaired at discriminating two simultaneously presented photographs of unfamiliar faces. The critical electrode contact was located in the most posterior face-selective brain area of the human brain (right "occipital face area", rOFA) as shown both by low- (ERP) and high-frequency (gamma) electrophysiological responses as well as a face localizer in fMRI. At this electrode contact, periodic visual presentation of 6 different faces by second evoked a larger electrophysiological periodic response at 6 Hz than when the same face identity was repeated at the same rate.

Right hemispheric dominance of visual phenomena evoked by intracerebral stimulation of the human visual cortex.

Electrical brain stimulation can provide important information about the functional organization of the human visual cortex. Here, we report the visual phenomena evoked by a large number (562) of intracerebral electrical stimulations performed at low-intensity with depth electrodes implanted in the occipito-parieto-temporal cortex of 22 epileptic patients. Focal electrical stimulation evoked primarily visual hallucinations with various complexities: simple (spot or blob), intermediary (geometric forms), or complex meaningful shapes (faces); visual illusions and impairments of visual recognition were more rarely observed.

Electrical source imaging in cortical malformation-related epilepsy: a prospective EEG-SEEG concordance study.

Objective: Delineation of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) in refractory epilepsy related to malformations of cortical development (MCDs) often requires intracranial electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, especially in cases of negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or discordant MRI and video-EEG findings. It is therefore crucial to promote the development of noninvasive methods such as electrical source imaging (ESI). We aimed to (1) analyze the localization concordance of ESI derived from interictal discharges and EZ estimated by stereo-EEG (SEEG); (2) compare the concordance of ESI, MRI, and electroclinical correlations (ECCs) with SEEG-EZ; and (3) assess ESI added value in the EZ localization.

Doxycycline in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a fatal, untreatable prion encephalopathy. Previous studies showed that doxycycline is effective in in-vitro and in-vivo models of disease, and patients with CJD who received compassionate treatment with doxycycline showed increased survival time compared with historical series. We therefore did a randomised, double-blind study of doxycycline versus placebo in CJD.

[Adherence to medication and epilepsy: a current issue].

As in other chronic diseases, adherence to medication in epilepsy is critical for seizure control. Its assessment remains challenging in research as in clinical practice. Recent evidences showed another face of nonadherence: the overconsumption of antiepileptic drugs.

[Use of drug reimbursement as markers of disease for epidemiological and cost analysis: The case of severe epilepsy in France].

Objectives: Population characteristics of epileptic patients remain poorly documented in France. Health Insurance claims database may be useful to perform cost and epidemiological studies provided that patients' diagnosis could be identified especially through drugs used as markers. This study explored the possibility to use the French Sickness Fund (FSF) database to determine the prevalence and direct cost of epilepsy.

Direct evidence of nonadherence to antiepileptic medication in refractory focal epilepsy.

The adherence to medication in drug-resistant focal epilepsy (RFE) remains largely unknown. The present work aimed to assess the frequency of recent adherence to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in patients with RFE. This prospective observational study screened all patients with RFE, admitted to the Nancy University Hospital between April 2006 and September 2008, for a 5-day hospitalization without AED tapering.

ESPERA study: applicability of the new ILAE criteria for antiepileptic drug resistance of focal epilepsies in current clinical practice.

A European observational cross-sectional study, ESPERA, was conducted in France and Spain in 2010. A random sample of neurologists, including specialists in epilepsy, prospectively enrolled adult patients treated for focal epilepsy with at least two antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in combination. Investigators were asked to classify AED responsiveness of each enrolled patient according to the new 2009 ILAE criteria.

Seizure freedom is not adversely affected by early discontinuation of concomitant anti-epileptic drugs in the EULEV cohort of levetiracetam users.

Purpose: Fear of discontinuing concomitant anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) may lead to potentially unnecessary and perhaps unsafe polypharmacy. The effect of withdrawing concomitant AEDs on epilepsy control was therefore studied in long-term users of levetiracetam.

Methods: The EULEV cohort followed patients initiating levetiracetam in France in 2005 or 2006 for one year.

Clinical classification of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures based on video-EEG analysis and automatic clustering.

Background: Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) or attacks consist of paroxysmal behavioural changes that resemble an epileptic seizure but are not associated with electrophysiological epileptic changes. They are caused by a psychopathological process and are primarily diagnosed on history and video-EEG. Clinical presentation comprises a wide range of symptoms and signs, which are individually neither totally specific nor sensitive, making positive diagnosis of PNES difficult.

The EULEV cohort study: rates of and factors associated with continuation of levetiracetam after 1 year.

What Is Already Known About This Subject: Levetiracetam has shown good safety/tolerability and efficacy in regulatory trials. This was confirmed in observational investigations performed soon after marketing by using continuation or retention rates as a composite measure. When an anti-epileptic drug first becomes available; however, there is evidence of channelling to more severe patients than thereafter.

[Impact of group therapeutic education in the management of adult sleep disorders. Prospective study conducted from September 2007 to March 2008 by a group of general practitioners].

Unlabelled: The prescription of hypnotic drugs in the management of adult insomnia is a public health issue. The implementation of a non-pharmacological, therapeutic approach is a daily problem for primary physicians.

Objective: This study aimed at assessing the impact of a group therapeutic education approach in the non-medical management of adult insomnia by general practitioners.

Effect of hyperventilation on seizure activation: potentiation by antiepileptic drug tapering.

Objective: To determine prospectively the efficacy of hyperventilation (HV) to activate epileptic seizures and the contribution of antiepileptic drug tapering.

Methods: Eighty patients with proven epilepsy and referred for long-term video-EEG monitoring were consecutively enrolled from November 2007 to December 2008. A seizure was considered as 'activated' if it occurred during HV or within 5 min after completion.

Seizures in the elderly: development and validation of a diagnostic algorithm.

Seizures are frequent in the elderly, but their diagnosis can be challenging. The objective of this work was to develop and validate an expert-based algorithm for the diagnosis of seizures in elderly people. A multidisciplinary group of neurologists and geriatricians developed a diagnostic algorithm using a combination of selected clinical, electroencephalographical and radiological criteria.