Publications by authors named "Herve Caspard"
Background: Elevated blood eosinophil (bEOS) counts are markers of inflammation associated with poorer outcomes in individuals with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, little is known about factors impacting the variability of bEOS counts in individuals with these conditions.
Objective: To determine the association between individual characteristics and bEOS counts in individuals with asthma, COPD, and nonasthma/COPD controls.
Importance: Some studies have reported negative effects of prior-season influenza vaccination. Prior-season influenza vaccination effects on vaccine effectiveness (VE) in children are not well understood.
Objective: To assess the association of prior-season influenza vaccination with subsequent VE in children aged 2 to 17 years.
Background: Researchers in observational studies of vaccine effectiveness (VE) in which they compared quadrivalent live attenuated vaccine (LAIV4) and inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) among children and adolescents have shown inconsistent results, and the studies have been limited by small samples.
Methods: We combined data from 5 US studies from 2013-2014 through 2015-2016 to compare the VE of LAIV4 and IIV against medically attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza among patients aged 2 to 17 years by influenza season, subtype, age group, and prior vaccination status. The VE of IIV or LAIV4 was calculated as 100% × (1 - odds ratio), comparing the odds of vaccination among patients who were influenza-positive to patients who were influenza-negative from adjusted logistic regression models.
Objectives: To assess the safety of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) in children in high-risk groups.
Design: Non-interventional cohort study.
Setting: England during 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 influenza seasons.
Aim: To assess whether the secular trends in type 2 diabetes prevalence differ between abdominally obese and non-obese individuals.
Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) were used to estimate the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and abdominal obesity among individuals aged ≥20 years in the USA from 1999/2000 to 2013/2014, after standardization to the age, sex and ethnicity population distribution estimates on January 1, 2014, as published by the US Census Bureau.
Results: The prevalence of abdominal obesity in the US population increased from 47.
Background: In the 2015-2016 season, quadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) and both trivalent and quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) were available in the United States.
Methods: This study, conducted according to a test-negative case-control design, enrolled children aged 2-17 years presenting to outpatient settings with fever and respiratory symptoms for <5 days at 8 sites across the United States between 30 November 2015 and 15 April 2016. A nasal swab was obtained for reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for influenza, and influenza vaccination was verified in the medical record or vaccine registry.
Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis describes and consolidates findings from all studies that assessed the effectiveness of live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) against laboratory-confirmed influenza since the 2009 pandemic in children and young adults.
Methods: A MEDLINE search was conducted for articles published from January 1, 2010 to November 30, 2016. All original publications reporting an effectiveness estimate of LAIV against cases of influenza confirmed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction or culture were retained for analysis.
Objectives: To estimate the proportion of live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) doses administered beyond expiry date in children and adolescents during influenza seasons 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 in the UK.
Design: This was a retrospective cohort study. Two cohorts of children and adolescents who received LAIV from 1 September 2013 to 31 March 2014 and from 1 September 2014 to 31 March 2015 and aged 2-17 years at time of LAIV administration were identified from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD).
Background: A clinical study found that live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) was superior to inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) against drifted A(H3N2) viruses in children. During the 2014-2015 influenza season, widespread circulation of antigenically and genetically drifted A(H3N2) viruses provided an opportunity to evaluate subtype-specific vaccine effectiveness (VE) of quadrivalent LAIV (LAIV4) and IIV in children.
Methods: Children (2-17years) with febrile acute respiratory illness <5days' duration were enrolled at 4 outpatient sites in the United States during the 2014-2015 influenza season.
Background: Quadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (Q/LAIV) was licensed in 2012 and replaced trivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine in the United States during the 2013-2014 influenza season. This study assessed the safety of Q/LAIV in children and adults aged 2-49years.
Methods: This was a prospective observational cohort study using data collected from Kaiser Permanente Northern California.
Purpose: This analysis examined potential causes of the lack of vaccine effectiveness (VE) of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) against A/H1N1pdm09 viruses in the United States (US) during the 2013-2014 season. Laboratory studies have demonstrated reduced thermal stability of A/California/07/2009, the A/H1N1pdm09 strain utilized in LAIV from 2009 through 2013-2014.
Methods: Post hoc analyses of a 2013-2014 test-negative case-control (TNCC) effectiveness study investigated associations between vaccine shipping conditions and LAIV lot effectiveness.
Objectives: To evaluate changes in influenza vaccination rates in healthy and at-risk children following the implementation of the UK's childhood influenza immunisation programme.
Design: Observational cohort study before and after initiation of the UK's childhood influenza immunisation programme over three influenza seasons (2012-2013, 2013-2014 and 2014-2015) using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD).
Setting: More than 500 primary care practices in the UK.
Four randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in 6090 children that investigated the efficacy of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) upon revaccination of children against laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza in consecutive seasons were reviewed. The efficacy in season 2 of LAIV administered over 2 consecutive seasons was 86.7% (95 % CI: 76.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: A postmarketing observational study was initiated to evaluate quadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) effectiveness in children aged 2-17 years in the United States.
Methods: Children and adolescents aged 2-17 years seeking outpatient care for febrile acute respiratory illness <5 days duration were enrolled at 4 geographically diverse sites during the 2013-2014 influenza season. Nasal swabs were tested for influenza using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.
A recent study of inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) in children aged 3-8 years demonstrated higher efficacy against moderate/severe influenza. A meta-analysis of all previous published randomized clinical trials of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) that collected information on illness severity in children aged 24-71 months was conducted. Moderate/severe influenza was defined as fever >39°C, acute otitis media, or lower respiratory tract illness; other cases were classified as milder influenza.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: To ensure adequate protection from seasonal influenza in the US, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends vaccination of all persons aged 6 months or older, with rare exceptions. It also advises starting vaccination as soon as available and continuing throughout the influenza season. This study examined US seasonal vaccination trends during five consecutive influenza seasons in privately-insured children and adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFdata on the incidence density (ie, incidence per person-year [PY]) of serious infection, opportunistic infection, and tuberculosis associated with each of the nine biologic therapies currently indicated in rheumatoid arthritis patients are not available. To summarize these data, a systematic review was conducted with searches on PubMed and Embase of literature ranging from January 1998 to November 2011. Incidence density was extracted and reported using the definitions from the respective publications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to assess the risk of CHD associated with excess weight measured by BMI and waist circumference (WC) in two large cohorts of men and women. DESIGN, SETTING, SUBJECTS: Participants in two prospective cohort studies, the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (N = 27,859 men; age range 39-75 years) and the Nurses' Health Study (N = 41,534 women; 39-65 years) underwent 16-year follow-up through 2004. RESULTS: 1,823 incident cases of CHD among men and 1,173 cases among women were documented.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: The purpose of the study was to assess the risk of CHD associated with excess weight measured by BMI and waist circumference (WC) in two large cohorts of men and women.
Design, Setting, Subjects: Participants in two prospective cohort studies, the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (N = 27,859 men; age range 39-75 years) and the Nurses' Health Study (N = 41,534 women; 39-65 years) underwent 16-year follow-up through 2004.
Results: 1823 incident cases of CHD among men and 1173 cases among women were documented.
Excess weight and the risk of incident coronary heart disease among men and women.
Obesity (Silver Spring)
February 2010
Overweight and obesity have been prospectively associated with the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Less clear is the relation of excess weight to risk of CHD among men and women with comorbid conditions, and the proportion of CHD risk attributable to excess weight in the US population. To assess the risk of CHD associated with excess weight among men and women with and without associated comorbid conditions, and determine the population attributable risk of CHD associated with excess weight.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Obesity is associated with increased cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. Guidelines call for intensified glucose and lipid screening among overweight and obese patients. Data on compliance with these guidelines are scarce.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Patients treated in a usual-care setting often do not comply with prescribed treatment regimens as closely as those treated in a clinical trial, for a variety of reasons.
Objectives: We sought to describe compliance over 3 years with a statin treatment in an observational study in a usual-care setting and to investigate potential risk factors for poor compliance.
Methods: Enrollees in a Massachusetts health maintenance organization (HMO) who presented with baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) > or =130 mg/dL and who started statin treatment between January 1, 1994, and July 1, 1999, were followed until death, termination of membership in the HMO, or July 1, 1999, whichever came first, as documented by the HMO's drug-dispensing electronic records.
Objectives: Our primary objective was to obtain robust estimates of the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) decrease from baseline over a long period (ie, 3 years) after initiation of statin treatment in a usual-care setting. Our secondary objective was to investigate the predictors of the LDL-C time course.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data for a sample of enrollees in a health maintenance organization (HMO) who started statin treatment between October 1, 1995, and December 31, 1998.